English Tamil Dict Lockwood - Free Download PDF Ebook (2024)

Description

BASIC TAMILDICTIONARY English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English(other side)'*" LOCKWOOD * sorrsisiiiL/ r K_ f f ^ AbbreviationsUsed acc. =accusative(case) n. =noun, nominal adj. =adjective obj. =objective(dat. case) adv; =adverb opp. =opposite agrie. =agriculture p. =participle art. =article(gram, term) p.p. =past participle astron. =astronomy pi. =plural bio. =ibiology pol. =polite: (or politics) bot. =botany poss. =possessive(case) conj. =conjunction(gram.) pred. =predicate dat. =dative(case) pron. =pronoun esp. =especrally reflex. =reflexive excl. =exclusive respect. =respectful f. =feminine(gender) V. respect. =veryrespectful fam. =familiar (address) sing. =singular gen. =general s.o. =someone hon. =honorific (address) Spk.Tam.=spokenTamil incl. =inclusive sth.=something mstru. =instrumental (case) suf.=suffix inter]. =inteijection temp.=temperature' interr. =interrogative v. =verb irr. =irregular v.i. =verbinstransitive irrat.=irrational v.t. =verbtransitive m. =masculine(gender) voc. =vocative(case) BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English(other side) LOCKWOOD * su/ Tc SSi / i l Tambaram Research Associates MCC, Tambaram, Madras 600 059 Copyright © 1994: M. Lockwood Price: Rs. 100. Typeset by T.R.A. on a Macintosh® PB145 Printed at Sudarsan Graphics, Madras 500 017 INTRODUCTION This dictionary of 'basic Tamil' has been com- piled primarily for English speaking persons who are learning Tamil - though it is hoped that others may find it useful, too. The Tamil vocabulary here is approximately two thousand words. The selec- tion of this vocabulary has been influenced by the Voice of America's 'Special English' one-thou- sand-word list. The Tamil vocabulary is given both in the Tamil script and in transliteration. The method of transHteration used is a modification of the system used in the Tamil Lexicon (University of Madras). The following table gives the letters which are 'initial' vowels (i.e., vowels which begin a word): Hi . TheInitial Vowels ^ =a (theshort a, asin'among') ^ - a(thelonga, asin'alms') =i (theshort i, asin'in') fF -1 (thelongI, asin'machine') a- -u (theshortK, asin'pat') s§s=u(thelongii, asin'rwby' or 'Zulu') 67=e(theshort e, asin'etiquette') 67 =e(thelonge, asin'etude') g =ai (adiphthong, asai in'aisle') 9=0(theshort, clippedo, asin'opaque') g=0 (thelong d, asin'owe') s^srr - an(adiphthong, asouin'owch') iv Theconsonant lettersa, #, L_, ^, u, andpare pronounceddifferently indifferent positionsina word. At thebeginningof words, thefirst fiveof theselettersarepronouncedroughly askin'/dn'; assin'^in'; ast in'rin'; asthin'fMn' (but asa pureplosive, withnoair escapingpast thetongue at thestart of theword); andaspin'pin'. The consonant p(r) never beginsaword. Whendoubledwithinwords, thefirst fiveof theseletters, withtheexceptionof 93=(echo), are pronouncedsimilarly. Theexception, (echo) - asin^s^ffSLD {acchagam), ispronouncedapproxi- mately asthechm'cAum'. Astransliteratedin thisdictionary, (rra) asinwpip(marra) is pronouncedapproximately astraintheword 'tradition' (ther soundisrolled). V Intervocalically, that is, withvowelsinfront andback of anyoneof theseconsonant letters (e.g., «in ^xLD [agam]): - ffi - ispronouncedasafricativeg; -3=-is pronouncedass in'.jin'; - iL- ispronouncedas dm'ma<iam'; - ^- ispronouncedasthevoicedthin 'mother'; - u- ispronouncedasbin'labor'; and - p- ispronouncedwitharolledr sound. Eachof theabovesixconsonant lettershasa relatednasal: «has isj (n) asin'sing'; #has (n) asin'oraon'; L-has («), aretroflexiven; ^has|5 (n), adental n, asin'month'; uhasLD (?7z), asin'amber'; and phasssr (n), analveolar n. vi Whendirectlyprecededbyanasal, thesesix letters(«, L_, ^, u, and arevoiced. E.g.: - fBJsi - = - figa- - (s^a: - =- nja- - ssar L- = - nda - - - =- ntha- - LDU - = - mba- - ekp- =- nra- (thenr ispronouncedlike thendr in'unrfress', withther slightlyrolled) Withtwoexceptions, therest of theletters (whicharesemi-vowels) arerelativelystraight- forwardintheir pronunciation: lu(y) asin'y&s' 0- (r), arolledr GO (Z) asin'Zevel' sij (v) asin'very' Thetwoexceptionsare: (£), africative, retroflexiveI quitepeculiar to Tamil andsomeother Dravidianlanguages sfr (Z), aretroflexiveI vii Finally, there are in general usage six letters borrowed from the Sanskrit Grantha alphabet (whose sounds are fixed and do not vary according to their position in the words): ^ = J as in 7ar' sijf = ^(a retroflexive 5 ) ehi - 5 as in '>jin' isk) - A as in 'Aug' = (a conjunct of k and s) u s f = M (a conjunct of ^and r plus the medial vowel i ) (i as in 'j/zame') viii. The complete Tamil alphabet, in proper order, together with the transliterated sounds associated with each letter, is given as follows: s k,g dj y rsi n pr r ® i • s,chj d) / FF I (SJ n si/ V a_ u iL t,d set U em n GT e ^ th (voiced & unvoiced) ^ e ^ n S u p,b y>I 9 0 LD m or I P r ^err au sir n Al ong with each verb, appearing in this dic- tionary in its imperative singular form, are given in parentheses its infinitive and converbial (or 'ad- verbial' participle): QsrrSi kodu {Qairr(S)s;s;, QsrrQt^^) ix Acknowledgments I wish to thank I Turu M . Lakshmanan, of Serkkadu, Walajabad, who read through several rough drafts of this dictionary and made helpf ul comments. I also wish to thank Mr . S. Rama- krishnan for his assistance and Mr s. Usha Krishna for going through the original final draft and carefully checking the entries. Any anomalies are entirely my responsibility. I have sometimes deliberately departed f r om strict alphabetical order f or word-f amily grouping reasons. Tambaram M. Lockwood • Note: A section on Food is in the middle of the book. X A a , a n ( ar t . ) , one ( adj . ) - «p(75 oru a b a n d o n ( v . t ) ; l et go - S!SI«Q5)(5) kaiv idu (-aS)l_, -fflflCSl) a b l e ( be abl e) ( aux. v . ) - ( tpuf-lLlLD mudiyum b e u n a b l e ( aux. v . ) - Qjus^iurr^ mudiydthu a b l e ( adj. ) - ^psnLDtunesr thiramaiydna a b i l i t y ( n. ) - ^pes)LD thiramai a b o u n d ( v . i . ) , be f ul l - njlsm/o ni r ai a b o u t ( pr ep. ) , c onc e r ni ng - U/D/75) p a r r i a b o u t ( nea r l y) ( adv. ) - SrLDlTrTn's sumdrdga a b o v e - G u ) s b mel, GLDGSO mele a c c e pt ( v. t . ) — ^ ^ ^ i s Q s / r s r r otthukkol {-Qsi r ar etr , -Qar r ti sr ®) a c c i d e n t ; c a l a mi t y ( n. ) - eSl u^^ vi batthu a c c i d e n t ( c ha nc e happeni ug) - tharcheyal a c c i d e n t a l ( adj. ) - tharcheyaldna a c c i d e n t a l l y ( adv. ) - tharcheyaldga a c c o mpa n y ( v. t . ) - si^l—LiGufT kuda-p-po ( - Gur r s, - Gumi i ) a c c o mi t ( s ) ( n. ) ; c o mpu t a t i o n - ds s wf f i ( g kanakku a c c u r a t e ( adj. ) — s^ifliurresr sariydna a c c u r a t e l y ( adv. ) — s:fr\iuiT<s sariydga a c c u s e ( v. t . ) - ( ffj PpLDfFnC® kur r amsam (-<3^ffL.L_, /7) ( ma ke) a c h e ( v. t . ) , hur t - QjsiS) v ali a c h e ( v . i . ) , hur t - (3;5/T no a c h e ( n. ) , pa i n - EUSiS) v ali, GrsfTexj nov u 1 achi evement (n.) - f l T ^anssr sddhanai across (prep, or adv. ) - @ff!y«G« k ur uk k e act (v. ); dance - r st s^ nodi (jsi st -ss, !Bi sf .0§ i ) act (v. ); do - . Qs^iLl sey (Qa^iuiu, Qsiugf) act i on (n.) - Qs^i uso seyal actor (i n drama) - r E l S f -'S p r nadi gar act u al l y (adv. ) - s_eiisrss)LDUJ fTS unmai ydga ad d (v. t. ); j o i n - Qff^ sir (G*!7««, Qsfi^) add (v. t. ); gather u p ; col l ect - ai i .i L.Qt k ut t u (ffl vi' I , «u l . i f) ad d i t i on (n. ) (i n ar i thmeti c) - «>.L.L_<M k ut t al address (of resi dence) - (Lp sevi f l mugavar i adj u st (v.) - f f i ^uQi ^^ sar i p adut t hu ad j u st ment (n.) - sar i p adut t hut hal ad mi n i s t r at i on , r u l e - ^C S l S t chi ad mi n i s t r at i on , man agemen t - rSlireimaih nirvdgam a d mi t (accept) (v. t. ) - s^^§ ]S i G\ ai !T ea ot t huk k ol {-Qsi r ar ei r , -Offl/ rsw®) a d mi t ( v. t ) , get a d mi t t ed - ^emi LnS l anumat hi a d mi t (v. t. ) - Qs^ff ser be ad mi t t ed (v. i . ) - Ga:^ ser ((5#!r, CdFjj-jE^) a d u l t (n. ); el d er - vayathu-vanthor ad van ce (money); d ep os i t - (LpesruemLD munpariam gi ve an ad van ce - qpeitusmih QsinQ\ munpanam kodu • (- Q«/ r @)««, - QanQi^gi ) ad van ce (v. ), pr ogr ess - (ipeijQGST^ munneru {(Lp auGewi p , (Lp anGei f r ^) ad vi ce (n. ) — L/ ^^(u )@) buddhi(mathi} 2 advi se (v. Lj — buddhi (mat hi ) sol (- Qmeoai , - Qmoi eS ) affai r , ma t t er - SITlfliULD kariyam affect ( v. t ) - un^ pdthi affect i on , k i ndness, l ove - ^eJ fTLf anbu affect i onat e, k i n d , l ovi n g - ^ek i ur r esr anbana affect i on at el y, l ovi n gl y - ^esTUrrai anbdga b e a f r a i d (v. ); fear - ^l^a anju (^(gff, ^( gf f l ) be a f r a i d (v. ) - uiu^^Qg payanthiru (- g)(i 5 ««, - ©OS S ' ) a f r a i d (adj . ), fear fu l - ^l ^& t u aiijiya, uiu^^ payantha, ^a^ffWrresT acchamdna, ui ULDn'esr payamdna somet hi ng f r i g h t f u l (n. ) - UlUfBiaip'LD payahgaram f r i gh t f u l (adj . ) - uturajmrruDrrasr p ayangar amana f r i gh t f u l l y (adv. ) - uujraia;[TLDrrai p ayahgar amdga aft er (adv. ), t hen - ^ L J L j p L b ap p ur am aft er (beyond i n space) - c Si / L / q p t b ap p ur am aft er — ai jf i ^^ k al i t t hu af t er (t i me); above - LS I ei r p i n, LSGSTLI p i nbu, ISSBTOSST p i nne, i S i asT asr r T so p i nnal , LS l ek ssmGeO p i nnal e af t er n oon (n. ) - i Bl p uasM p i r p agal affer- svards — i S i p ur r ® p i r p ddu, L5)ff3@ p i r agu agai n (adv. ) - LC i n;i ]LJ U).U-I LD mar up adi yum, LS emQi i i i i nt ndum agai n and agai n (adv. ) — ^iq.a;ans{. adi k k adi , Ui sO(l f i 0S )p p al amur ai 3 against (adv.), opposed to - wrriprra; mSraga, si^pTTtX ethirdga age (yearsol d) - aJiU§l vayathu era (n.) - aireOLD kalam agitate (v.L); move; shake - ^«f)ff asai be agitated; move; shake (v.) - ^ana' asai (j^enffiu, ^mir^gi) agitate (emotional l y) (v.t.) - <SSU«; @ kalakku (asuffis, «£U*g)) be agitated (emot.) (v.i.) - i5SUEJ(g kalahgu (<BSOra/ iK, «SU/ SJS)) ago (adv.) - (LpesTLf munbu agree (v.) - <?U)LD^ sammathi (tfti i D^a;^, ffLDLD^^^) agree with ( v.) - e^^gjaQsrrist otthukkol {-Qsazheff, -Qds/ 7eM rCp) agreement (n.); contract - epLJU^^LD oppantham agricul ture (n.) - eSleufffTiULD vivasSyam, GeverrfremanLD velanmai aid (n.) - S-^eSl uthavi aid (v.L) - S-^eSl Gl3=dj uthavi sey (- G)*iuiu, - Qsiugi) ai m (v.L), to point at - ^f^urrpr kuripar aim (n.), purpose, goal - (ggS hurt, (seyal) nokkam air (n.), wi nd- <SlTn)^ karru ai rport (n.) — vimana nilaiyam al arm(n.), state of al arm - uiULh payam, ^S^ffiJD accham be al armed (v.i.), frightened - thidukkidu 0®«£) i _ , ^(ilffig)L-0) al as! (interj.) - ^GiUfT aiyo 4 al as!, misfortune; sin - Ufra/ ti) pavam al ike (adv.) — epuurrs oppSga, GunGeo pole al i ve- a_(z5)(5L_Mr uyirudan, S-erretT uyir ulla al l , al l kinds "of- STsbsufT ells, ellavithamdna al l (things) (n.) - STsbsonii ellam al l (peopl e) (n.) - sreoeonqfiLCi ellSrum, STSwGsua'(5Lb elldrum al l (whol e) (a.) - (Lp(tgeu^uo muluvathum allo-sv (v.t.); l eave; l et go - a5)(51vidu (a5)t_, O SI L- ®) aUov? (v.t.), permit - r ^C T / LpSi ) anumathi ( <^@UU) ^««, ^w,su^i,gi) al most (adv.) - SllLi—^^Cl- Uttatthatta, konjam kuraiya al ms (u.) - l3<fema=picchai al one; unique; sol e - ^asfl thani, ^asflujns thaniyaga, ^esfliurreu thaniyam al one (onl y) - lDL-.(giUi mattum al ong side (prep.) - L/ «ffi^@sb pakkatthil al ong wi th (prep.) — ffiii— kiida al l al ong (adv.) - Q / 5(51« neduga a l ot of (adj.) - r§les)puj niraiya al oud (adv.) - ff^^LDfTSi satthamaga al ready (adv.); before - (LpeiflQu munbe, (yjsJTSSrCoU) munname al so (adv.); even — -S-I M -um, -kada al though (conj.) - erekpfT&^Lb enralum, irunthapothum al ways (adv.); whenever- eriliGuiT^Lh eppothum 5 always; forever - er eJ sr gi I L D enr um always; ever- 6TS5rs!npa;@)Lb enr ai kkum ambassador (n.) - ^fi pf dhuthar ambition(n.) - L j ^SL pi T J 'aJ U i pugal Sr vam, Gufrrr^suL D per ar vam amend(v.L), emend; correct- ^(§^§1 thi r utthu among(prep.) - s-sir ul, S-enQerr ulle, ^es) L ^u5i <so i dai yi l , ^es) L -Guj i dai ye amount (n.), measure; limit- ^ensi j al avu amount (n.); anthology- Qssfrems thogai amplification(n.); details- si5)sx/ini vi var am anarchy(n.) — (^L pU U L D kul appam ancient (adj.) - thonmai yana, U L pemL D tur r esr palamaiyana and(conj.) - -a_ib... -a_Lb -um... -um, L D i pgi J L D mar r um anger (n.) - GarruiM kobam beangry(v.i.) - GsrruLDfrs ^(TJ kobai ndga i r u (- i)(!5««,- ^mm) anger (makeangry) (v.t.) - GSITU^LL® kobamuttu (-safL.(_,-ssnCis).) angry(adj.) - GsrTjjQfisrrerr kobamul l a angrily(adv.) - GaU T U W l T Si ksbamaga angle(n.); comer - GsnemLB konam animal (n.) - LSl(t^mLD mi r ugam, LSlrrtreissfl pirani anklet (silver) (n.) - Qarra^Sr kol usu anniversary(n.) - ^isisr®eS\Lpnandu vila announce(v.t) - ^n5)si5) ar i vi (^j5)a5)««, ^jS)aS)^^) announcement (n.) — ^(^eSluLf arivippu 6 another (of thesame) (adj.) - ^CsKSsWfrCfJ i nndr u. another (different) (adj.) - Gevg) ver a, GajGplTQ^veroru another (of thesame) (adj.) - LDipro mar r a, L D i r j mar u, LDpGpfTq^mar r or u another (person) - wppeupi mar r avar , GeilGpn'(ii^evp' ver or uvar another (thing) (n.) - Gsi/Gpffswgy ver onr u answer (n.), reply- u^so pathi l , LDgu^L nr r i fi mar umol i answer (inexam.) (n.), reply- eSleini—vidai answer (verbally) (v.) - LDgnQiarTifi Qa^rrei} mar umol i sol (- QfffT aJ oi , - Q{F i T a)eSI); sfflfflDi— Qmeo vi dai sol ; u^sbQs^irei) bathi l sol answer (inwriting) (v.) - bathi l el uthu (- «7(yi^,- «r(^)^) ant (n.) - er ^L D i -i er umbu antiqxiity(n.) - U L pemL D pal amai , yfi eumneti L D pur vakal am any(adj. &pron.) - ^^frsu^ ethdvathu, eJG^^L a ethenum, er ^si j l h ethuvum, ujnQ^r T (§ yathor u anybody(pron.), anyone- lunrjrTsy^ yar avathu, STSuGprgyLo evar emi m anyone(pron.), everyone- l ui T (§L h yar um nobody(pron.) - yar um i l l ai anyhow(adv.) — eppadi yenum anything(pron.) — (urrGfies}l l M ydthSnum anything(pron.), whichever- sT^syii ethuvum anyway(adv.) - eruuiq-turriiSls^lih eppadi yayi num 7 anywhere(adv.), somewhere - eTfSjGsiurrajgl engeyavathu anywhere(adv.), wherever- ^lilGsiLjlJo ehgeyum apologize, askforgiveness - wasTss^uLi Gserr mannippu kel (- G«il«, -Csilg)) apology(n.), askingforgive. - mesrasflLjqQmiLL^eo mannippu kettal appeal (for help) (v.) - (LpempuSQ) muraiyidu (((/)anj)u5lL_, (LpenpuSICQi) appeal (n.) - Geuem(S)Q'SrTerr vendukol {-QarreheiT, -Qa/rcHr®) appear (v.); seem- G^fTekgU thonru (G^/rrarn), CS^/rswjB) appearance(n.); scene - G^rrppib thorram, amLS) katchi appoint (v.t.) - liltULSI niyami appoint (toajob) (v.t.) - GejesxsosiULDp'^gl velaikkamanthu appointment (n.) - rSllULDStsnh niyamanam, ff^^uq santhippu approach(v.i.); reach; get - adai approach; reach; joinwith - Gff/f ser (Cffjr, Qst^gi) approach(v.i.) - (o)/50ffi/@ nerungu (GliBtsmia, QjBdSiiiSi) approval (n.) - SFLDUD^LD sammatham approve(v.t) - a^LOLO^ sammathi sammatham therivi (- Q^iHeSIss, - Q{iiflsSI0gi) approximately(adv.) - aLDfTp' sumar, SIILL-^^LLL^ kittatthatta area; region; portion - paguthi, uijULf parappu, fi0auuu@@ nilappaguthi, urjLJULpeij parappalavu argue(v.) - eiirr^iT®vathsdu 8 argument (n.) — (e&)eu[r{siis (vi)vatham, QJlT^frQl^A> vathaduthal arm(n.); hand - OTcS kai trunk(elephant) (n.) - ^^setnsi thuthi-k-kai army(n.); troops; force— uani— padai aroimd— surri, a-p^&^Lb surrilum arrange(v.t.) — Q<F(Uoluhgu sey (- Qsihiu, - Qfiii^y, 6Tpjj/r(j) QfflU erpS4usey; a=^UuQ\^§l sarippadutthu (-u®^, -ug)^) arrangement, preparation - erpurrCS) erpa4u arrest (stop) (v.t) - rSt^^SI nirutthu arrest (takeintocustody) - esi^x^ QfFUj kaithu sey (- Qffiuiu, -Qfftugi) arrive(v.i.) - QJ/jg/ G«r vanthu ser (- CSffjr, - Gffpii®/) arrival (n.) — suq^es)ai varugai, euq^^et) varuthal arrogance(n.) — SpreilLD karvam arrogant (adj.) - aipeylLBfTeST karvamana arrogantly(adv.) - S^euLorrs karvamdga art (n.) - assDSU 'kalai, ^0^rrLO chitthiram artist (n.) - ^ofllL/ir oviyar, chitthirakkSrar as (conj.) - uu^ujaec padiyaU ^esTUU^iurreO anapadiyal, ^emaiums: agaiyal as, inaccordancewith - UU^GlU padiye as, like- LD/7^/fl mdthiri, ^UUlSj-GlU appadiye ascend(v.i.), goup - GLDGSV Q3=<A) male sel (- Qa^su, -Qa^swnjj) P ascend (v.i.), enter (vehicle) - <^g)J em (,^0), ^nSI) ash (n.) - ffnihueo sambal ask: listen; obey (v.) - Gscrr kel ( G « L . « , Gatl ®) asleep (adv.) - gffSSLDfTS thukkamaga assemble (v.i.) - OidLQi kum ( f f i j l L , f f i j l l ^) assist (v.)- O-^'sSl Qffuj uthavi sey (- Qffiuiu, - QiFtujy) assistance (n.), help - S-^aSl uthavi assistant (n.), hel per- S-^eSliurreirp^ uthaviySlar, gieinem{ajp) thuriai(var) association; corpn.; pol. party - XLpaih kalagam association, society, union - fliiaih sangam assurance (n.) — uruthi assure (v.) - S-gU^ Qff^iu uruthi sey (- Qsiuiu, - Qffiligj) astonish (v.) - acchariyamuttu (-afiTL,!—, -aaiL L uj.) astonishment (n.) - ^#5=ffluj/i acchariyam astonisliing (adj.) - acchariyamana astonishingly (adv.) - acchariyamaga at (prep.) - -g) sb -n atmosphere (n.) - (gy)n5)s!f)(SU sulnilai atom (n.) — r^smi aim attack (v.L) - ^lTm(g thdkku {^iTsx, 0rTaSl) attack (n.) — ^rT<s^£S<A> thakkuthal, er^p'uq ethirppu attempt (n.); effort- (Lpiup^ muyarchi attempt (v.) - (lfilUp& QfFiU muyarchi sey (- Qsiuiu, - Qffiu^) 10 attend, wait on, look after - sieuetfl kavani («61/C3fl«<S, sisuesfl^^) attenti on (n.), heeding - aeiissTLO kavanam pay attenti on (v.) - dssi/ssfl kavani aunt (n.), father's sister; mother's brother's wife — ^^es)^ atthai aunt (n.) - LDmSI mami author; editor; teacher- ^&lfluj^ asiriyar authori ty; power; command - rS>l^<SfTrTLD athikaram authori tati ve (adj.) - athikaramana authori tati vel y (adv.) - athikaramaga avoi d (v.t.); abstain f rom- ^eSlfr thavir avpake (v.i.); get up; emerge - ST(y) elu ( ejip, ej(L0^gi) awaken (someone else) (v.t.) - ST(LpULl eluppu {^(LffUU, €TlLgUl3) away - siSlsuS) vilagi, gUff dhUra, Q^nemeoeSieo tholaivil B baby (n.); chi l d- (gLp^ans^ kulanthai back (of one's body) - (IfiSKS "^"ihugu back (general) (n.) - iSdr pin, iSleirnpLD pinpuram back(ward) (adv.) - LSIeir pin, ^(§LDISI thirumbi, ^(§ULSI thiruppi (w/ v.t.) bad (adj.); spoi l ed- ketta bad man (n.) - Q( 5JL .t_eus5r kettavan bad (situation, etc.) (n.) — Qwrrs^LD mosam bad (adj.) - QiDtTS^Lorresr mosamSna bag (n.) - E n u pai 11 baggage (n.) - ffl TL DmAt saman balance (v.t .); compare - samani l ayakku balance (remainder) (n.) - mi thi ball (n.) - U^§j panthu ballot (n.) - 6^l L ®s=Sl L (S\ ban (v.t.) - ^ S i n t _ Qftu thadai sey (- Qffi ui u, - Sl ffi i i gi ) ban (n.) - ^eini_ tliadai ban order (n.) - thadai utthar avu banana (n.) - eu[ TeS) L p val ai banana (mature f ruit) - evr r ani fi L J UL pL D val ai -p-pal am bangle (n) - enmei Ti ueci val ai yal bracelet (n.) - •xauL j kappu bank (shore) (n.) - sani T kar ai bank (financial) (n.) - suffiyS) vahgi bar (to block) (v.t.) - ^Qt thadu ( 3 ( 5 ) « « , bar (rod) (n.) - ^ 1 4. thadi , ai M i S kambi barber (n.) — C S I / L D L / L L L I S W ambattan, fSr r e&^si r n&vi than bark (of a dog) (n.) - (g£insw(^65Gb) kul aj (tthal ) bark (v.i.) — @ansu kul ai ( @«n6D ««, (gencu^^) base (n.), bottom; foot; step - ^Lq, cult base (n.), bot t om- ^L q.uus;si h adi -p-pakkam baseless (adj.) - kdr anam i l l atha basic (adj.) - ^LS^LIUS!nL^UJIT<Sl!r adi ppadai yana, ^u^uues) L - adi ppadai 12 basket (n.) — 5i.«nL_ kudai bat (animal) (n.) - Qeiieneurreo vauval bat h (n.) - (gsrflujsb ki di yal bathe (oneself) (v.i.) - @sn ) kuH ( g s i S a ; * , ( g s i 9 ^ ^ ) bathe (another) (v.t.) - (ge/ i ^LJUnLOt kidippattu ((gsiSiJun-L.i_, (gaBuumluj.) bat hing room (n.) - ki di yal ar ai battle (n.); w ar - Qunir par bat t le (v.) - sandai pannu ( - ucinsreiror, - ue wsBa f l ); ffessremi— GurrQi saiidai podu (- Gum-, - Guml.&) be (v. i. ); become- be (v. i. ); stay, w ai t - beach (n.) - tsetncr kar ai sea-shore (n.) - ffiL_(D<5S!njr kadar -kar ai beak (bird's) ~ al agu, (par avai ) mukku bear (v.t .); give birt h - Qugj J per i l (Qup, Qupgi i ) bear (animal) (n.) — beard (n.) - ^mq. dhadi beat (v.t .), h i t - ^14. adi beauty (n.) - ^L p(g, al agu beaut if ul (adj.) - ^L psi i r esT al agana, ^LpSllu al agi ya because (conj.), f or - i^j Qesr esTpr r A) enenr al just because of that - athanal than on account of; as - snr i emL Dnsi kar anamaga 13 become(v.i.); be- bed(withmattress) - L;(5) a a ni5 padukkai cot (without mattress) - aiiLls\.eokattil bee(n.) - Q^df them beetle(n.) - isiiemQ\ before(inspace); opposite - er^pr ethir, er^Gir ethire before(intime); already - ejpsenrGaj erkanave, (Lpewssrrrsb munna! before, formerly - (Lpek mun, (ipekLj munbn, (LpssKeBsr munne, (Lpeitesmeii munnal, QfietsTBSinQiso munnale beg(v.) - Gserr picchai kel (-C5«il«, - (S«L.®) beggar (n.) - picchaikkdran begin(v.i.) — Q^nL^iai(Q thodahgu (Qigrrumis, Q^/rLrag)) begin(v.t.) - ^[TLDlSl aramhi (=^UIL51««, ^ijiMi3$^) beginning(n.) - ^tTlhuLD arambam beginning(n. or adj.); first - (tp^sb muthal behave; happen; walk - fSI—. nada {rsi—As, rsi-^si) behavior (n.), conduct — rsi—SiiLsi.a;ana nadavadikkai, lEL^^an^ nadatthai behind(prep.) - iSeir pin, LSlssTOSTneo pinnal, LSeiTLlpLh pinpuram being(n.) - g)(T5^^sb irutthal belief; confidence; hope - fSLbtilaans nambikkai believe(v.), trust - rSLbl-l nambu (jBiiu, rsiiiLS) bell; hour (of theday) - iosssfl mani 14 belong(v.t.) - sonthainayiru -^mm) belongingto(adj.) - (3ff!J75^ serntha below; eastern— gy) kll bemoaning(n.); mourning- LjeVLDuec pulambal benefit (n.); welfare - /gEOti nalam,tssueinLD nanmai benefit (v.t.) - ISsireinLD Qffiu nanmai sey (-G)ffi£jiu, - QiFiiigi) beside(prep.), next - usm^^eo pakkatthil besides; moreoever- (jLospfLD melum best (adj.)- migacchirantha, utthama(mana) betray(v.L); reveal - vanjanai sey (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi); a;mLi^.AQarT(Si kattikkodu better (adj.) - QimsonesT melana between(prep.) - ^swt—uSlsbidaiyil, LD^^uSieo matthiyil beyond; moreover; then— ^ULIpih appuram beyond(inspace) - ^LJLjpLh appuram big(adj.); important - QufDlU periya bind(v.t.); tie; build- siCQ kattu («L.(_,fflL-'l^.) bundle(n.) - «L!_(5) kattu bird(n.) - upsDSU paravai, (g(njeiSI kuruvi birth(n.) - iSpuq pirappu bite(v.t); chew- dSlif. kadi bitter (adj.) - ffiffuufrew kasappana bitterness(n.) - <5<FUL/ kasappu 15 bl ac k ( adj . ) - SgiJUUiraST karuppana, 3i^es)LDUjfTetrr karumaiydna, •xtSl l U kariya bl ackness ( n. ) - sg^jULj karuppu bl ame ( n. ) ; f aul t ; revenge - Uifi pali, { g p p i b kurram bl ame ( v. t . ) - Ulfl pali (uifids, uifi^gi); @ f f ) p i i i s^fTl L Ql kurram sattu (- ffmli_, - ffi tC u f. ) bl a nk ( n. ) , empt i ness - Qsi wysnLD verumai, sneSl gali bl a nk ( adj . ) , emp t y - QsugilLD verum bl anket ( n. ) - snisuefh kambali bl eed ( v. i . ) - j r^gli ) a/ig. rattham vadi bl eed i ng ( excessi ve) ( n. ) - rattha-p-pokku bless ( v . t ) - ^f f l r s u ^ aslrvathi bl essi ng ( n. ) - ^^p-eutT^LD aslrvatham b l i n d ( adj . ) - ( a j ( l ^L L Q\ ( gd^L -fTesr ki i r u da na b l i n d l y ( ad v. ) - kuruttutthanamaga bl i nd ness ( n. ) - (g(/5(5) kurudu, ssm Q^i fl i u r TL Dso kan theriyamal b l i n d p er s o n ( n. ) - ^ ( / J L j j kurudar b l o c k ( t o st op) ( v. t . ) — ^(5) thadu (^fi lffi ffl, b l o o d ( n. ) - p'^^ih rattham b l o o m ( n. ) , bl ossom - t oswp" malar, y pu bl ou se ( wo r n wi t h saree) - CraS]s;es)X ravikkai, Gffl Teffl choli bl ou se ( west ern st yl e) — a^l l si W— sattai b l o w ( n. ) ; st roke; t h u nd er — 16 b l o w (as wi nd ) ( v. ) - adi ^i^-^) b l u e ( n. ) , d ark b l u e - /fsui i nilam b l u e ( adj . ) - /f so nila b o a r d ( n. ) , p l a n k - usvsmss palagai boa t ( n. ) - Ul-.(Q padagu, e^l—LD odam, G^rrsmfl thoni shi p ( n. ) - suueb kappal b o d y ( n. ) - £_ L_ su udal b o i l ( v . t ) - kothikkappattiru (-g)(n;ffiffi, -§im§l ) b o a ( v. i . ) , be b o i l e d - Qsn^ kothi ( Gl m r r ^a a , Qa !t^0gi ) b o l d ( adj . ) - em^iflujiUDrresr dhairiyamana b o l d l y ( a d v . ) - etil^lfllULDrra dhairiyamaga bol d ness ( n. ) - em0lfluJLD dhairiyam b o ne ( n. ) — STeplLDLj elumhu b o o k ( n. ) - fl5ffsu nUl, Lf^^sih putthagam ( L / s f u ^ f f i t i pusthakam) b o r d e r ( n. ) ; shore - ffissi/r karai, ^prih dram b o r d e r ( n. ) ; l i mi t ; e x t e n t - STsbsinsU ellai b o m ( be) ; be i s s u e d - iSIp pira {iSlroaa;, iSp^) b o r r o w ( t ake a l oan) ( v. ) - kadan vahgu ( - a i m i i a , - a j m i i S) boss ( n. ) , mast er, l o r d - er ^L or r ei r ejamdn, (Lp^evrreifl muthalali, ^emeoeupT thalaivar b o t h ( ad j . & p ron. ) - ^i r s w ' ( 5 l ( t i ) iraiidu(m) b o t t l e ( n . ) - LJLL^. putti b o t t o m; f oot ; st ep - adi(-p-pakkam) 17 bottom(adj.) - ^/ry)/5^thalntha bow(to) (v.); worship- oJemiBJf^ vanahgu box(n.) - QuiLuj. petti boy(n.) - muiuasT paiyan bracelet (n.) - XITLJLI kappu brain(n.) - ^anstr mUlai brass(n.) - iSl^e^meapitthalai brave(adj.) — eBp'ljarremviramam bravery(n.) - oSfTlii vlram bread(n.) - QirmLt^rotti breadth(n.) - ^seOLD agalam break(v.t.) - a_«5ll_udai (ji-csiLfflffl, a-OTL-^^) break(bebroken) (v.i.) - a_«!n(_udai abreakingopen(n.) - s^es)i_LJLl udaippu breath; life; vowel - a_u5)p- uyir breath(n.); Ufe- mUcchu breathe(v.) - ^p#«a5)(4l mucchuvidu (-sSlL., -Q5)L.(JI) brevity(n.) - s^qgAaihsurukkam brick(n.) - Qffliiseo sengal bride(n.) - LDeswLDserr mana-magal, LDSmuQuemmana-p-pen, seoturrsmuQuem kalyana-p-pen bridegroom(n.) - UjsssrLOiSsjr maita-magan, LDiruiSmsnmmappillai bridal couple(n.) - LBemiasiSierT mana-makkal bridge(n.) - uireoLD palam brief (adj.) - Si^asiLDlTeiST surukkamana 18 briefly(adv.) - s^Q^ssLorT'X surukkamaga bright (adj.); clear- (^isnaaLDaem vilakkamana, LDUJiDirasT olimayamana brighten(v.) - pirakasappadutthu brightness(n.) - i S f r a f T'SFLh pirakasam bright (adj.) - iSlprsmFLoaesr pirakasamana brightly(adv.) — i3rrsirT9'LDlT3i pirakSsamaga brilliant (adj.) ~ pirakSsamulla bring(v.t) - Qanem(^eurr kondu va (- aj!T, - ajpgi) bringdown(v.t.); lower- irakku ( M P ^' g)!D«S)) broad(adj.) - ^SisVLDrresT agalamSna broom(n.) — ^S!n(_iJuti thudaippam brother (general term) - sQsin^rreisr sagotharan elder brother - ^(SWOTsrsaT" annan younger brother - ^LDl3 tliambi brow(eyebrow) - Lj([^eULti buruvam brown(n.) - U(LpLJLj paluppu brown(adj.) - u(LffUi-i rSlpLDrreu paluppu niramana bucket (n.) 'umQaiC' — euasnt vsli buffalo(n.) - 67(55SOTLD(LDnr(5l ) erumai(madu) build(v.t.); bind- miLQ) kattu building(n.), construction- SilLi<i.L^Lakattidam bull (n.) - a/rsmsrr kalai buUock(n.); ox- eTQg^eruthu bullockcart (n.) - u:n'L-(51su«5iir£4- mattu-vandi 19 bundle(n.) - <KL.®kattu(sticks), gpL-anL_ muttai (cloth) burn(v.t.);heat- ST/fl eri (6T(fl<sffi, eriH^gi) burn(v.i.); glow; beangry - ST/fl eri (sirfJiu, eriH^gi) bum(v.t.); scorcli - beburned(v.i.); bescorched - giu *fy (^lu, ^ili^gi) burst (v.t.) - Qsuif vedi (QsU^.<B&<B, QfiUif^^) burst (n.) - Qeilis^uqvedippu bury(v.t.) - Lfes)^ puthai (L/«n^*3!, qen^^gi) beburied(v.i.) — bus(n.) - business(n.); trade- busy(adj.) - aigtisiguuunssr surusuruppdna, ^^eu^errerr aluvalulla, (Lpiup^iurresT muyarchiyana but (conj.) - ^sstit*O anal butter (n.) - QeusssTQemiu venney buttermilk(n.) - Guorrp' mor buy(v.t.); get; receive - eun'isi(g vdhgu (c*msyiS, eufrmiSi) by, bywayof; through— -cgjSb -dl, euLfiiuneo valiydl, suLftiUfTS valiydga, Uffi«^@su pakkatthil c calamity; accident; danger - <sSlu^§l vibatthu, ^U^§1 dbatthu calf (younganimal) — kanru(-k-kutti) 20 call (v.t.); invite— cSV«Jntpalai call (v.t.); shout- Si^ULS\Q\ («JJLS)IL., «VUL9L1(41) call on(v.t.), visit - (o)s9:(S5WK U/Tjr senrupdr (- uwffis, - unf^gi); Gumuuunpi poy-p-pdr calm(n.) - ^s^LD^ amaithi calm(adj.) - ^emLD^lurresr amaithiyana calmdown(v.i.); obey— ^L^!Sl(gl a4angu {^luiim, ^L_B;S)) camel (n.) - a^L.(_<Btb ottagam can(aux. v.) - (LpU^lLjLD mudiyum can't (aux. v.) — Qjus^ajrr^mudiySthu cancel (v.t.) - [T^^ Qa^ih ratthu sey (- Qffdjtu, - Qffiij^) cancer (n.) - LlpguGrSfTiu purru-noy candidate(n.) - QeuiLuasn^ vetpdlar capital (city) (n.) - ^emstirssp' thalai-nagar captive(n.) - S!f)as@ kaithi capture(v.t.), catch - LSU^pidi {i3i^.ssi, iSin.^gi) captmre(n.) - iSlL^^^eo piditthal car(t) (n.); vehicle— euemu). vandi care(n.); concern, worry - aeumso kavalai care(v.i.) - saj(;inevLiu(S)0^ kavalaippadutthu takecare(v.i.) - tsssussfl kavani care(n.), heed - aeussTLD kavanam careful (adj.) - ssnssiLanetsr kavanamana carefully(adv.) - SieiiesTLDnsi kavanamaga carpenter (n.) — ^a^<9=sJT thacchan 21 c a r r y ( a wa y ) ( v . t ) - G)<5/raJ5r(51 Gu r r kondu pd (- Surra, - Qunii) c a r ( t ) ( n . ) ; v e h i c l e - GuesTiru}. vandi c a s h ( c ha ng e ) ; p a i s e — SITSr kasu cash ( money ) ( n. ) - usOTTli) panam c a s t e (n. ) - ^ f T 0 j athi c a t ( n. ) - y a n s s r pu nai c a t c h ( v. t . ) ; capt ure - L 5 I 1 4 , pi di ( L S 1 I ? . « « , i Sttsf .^) c a t t l e ( c o ws , b u l l s , oxe n, goats & s heep) - ^ ( J l Loa® a4u madu c ows , bu l l s , & ox e n ( o nl y ) - LDITQI madu goats & sheep ( onl y ) - =^ (4) a4u c a u s e ( n. ) ; r e a s o n - Sf T r r sssT LD kar anam c a u s e ( v . t ) - •sn'P'as!srLDn'(g kar anamdgu (-=&*, ->«S)) c ease ( v . i . ) ; b e c o me t i r ed — i ^i Ll dy (giu, ^l u ^si ) c e a s e (hunger, e t c . ) ; end - ;f/Hy@ ni i i gu $i mSi ) c e l e b r a t e ( v . ) - G\ si nemL_nQ\ ( Qar r ei sr L.n-L., Qxi r si sr i -i nsi .) c e l e b r a t i o n ( n. ) - Q«/TSii!iri_mlL_ti> kondattam c e n t e r ; mi d d l e — /5( i l na4^ ( u . ) , L D ^ @ matthi ( n.) , /5(5)CoSl/ nadi cve ( pr e p. ) , r S( ti S) Sl sO r mdu vi l ( pr ep. ) c e n t e r (as a n i ns t i t ut i on) ( n. ) - emi M i U LD mai yam c e n t r a l (adj . ) - 55(51 nadu , rsQlsyrreu nadu vana, anLD i U LD i r ei sr mai yamana, LD ^^U J matthi ya c e n t u r y ( n. ) — ^ppnei w Qi nu r r dndu c e r e m o n y ( n. ) — a=L/Ey(g sadangu , kondattam c e r t a i n ( a dj . ) ; defi ni t e - mL-j —mu LD r r esT kattayamana, f ^a^a^i U LD r r esr ni cchayamana 22 c e r t a i n l y ( a dv . ) - kattayaml -aga, ni cchayaml -aga c e r t a i n t y ( n . ) ; ne c e s s i t y - ^evF l i U LD avasi yam c e r t a i n t y ; firmness, st rengt h — S-gU^ u r u thi c e r t a i n t y ; c o m p u l s i o n - ai l Ll —l T U J LD kattayam c e r t a i n t y ( n . ) ; truth - j ^f f s^i U l h ni cchayam c h a i r ( n. ) - rsnipsimsSI nar kal i c h a i r m a n / p e r s o n ( n . ) ; l e a d e r - 65S!n«usi/^ thal ai var c h a m p i o n ( n. ) - e^r r si r vi r an, Q^u Sl u u evsi r J eyi ppavan c h a n c e ( n . ) ; u ne x p e c t e d e v e nt - sSpQ'SF U J eci thar cheyal c h a n c e ( a d j . ) ; a c c i d e nt a l - thar cheyal ana by c h a n c e ( a d v . ) ; a c c i d e nt a l l y - ^ p Q f f i u s u r r a thar cheyal aga c h a n g e ( c o i n s ) ( n. ) - ^soeostnr r ) si l l ar ai c h a n g e ( v . i . ) - Lar r gi J mam { i mr p , wnrS!) c h a n g e ( v . t ) ; e x c ha ng e - Lor r p^ manu { wrrpp, Lanpe^) c h a n g e ( n . ) ; t r a ns for ma t i on - L o n w y ^ s b mar u thal , LD f T i ppLb mar r am c h a p t e r ( b o o k ) ; aut hori t y - 55>/@«flFtii al hi kar am c h a r a c t e r ( s t or y ; p l a y ) ; pot - U l T ^^f f l M patthi r am b e h a v i o r ( c h a r a c t e r ) ( n . ) — f B L-^ss) ^ nadatthai c h a r a c t e r ; qu a l i t y ; he a l t h - (QsmLD gti nam c h a r g e ( v . t ) ; a c c u s e - ( ^ppLD f f mLQi ku r r amsatm ( -j m. ' I , -f f u i l j ^.) c h a r g e (fee, fa r e) ( n. ) - Si LLL-Si ST LD kattatu an c h a s e ( v . t . ) , p u r s u e - thu r atthu (g/ !r^,^3•^^); thu r atthi -c-chel 23 chase(v.); follow - chicken (n.) - i Sl ekQ^fTL ^ pi nthodar (565/n^(<ss(g(^») kdl i (-k-kunj u) cheap(adj.) - chief (adj.) - L DsSl euaesr mal i vana (i paStl u mukki ya. cheapness(n.) - ^emei >es)L DUJ i Tssr L DeSl ei j mal i vu thal ai mai yana. cheat (v.t.) - ^L Dfr n)^ emar r u muthanmai yana child (n.) - ei K S^St vanj i iSsfToneiT pi l l ai child (n.); baby - cheating (n.) - (gip/Bena; kul anthai su^ffssissr vanj anai children (pi. n. only) - check (v.t.), examine - us^ti i ser r pasahgal ui fl GfffT^ par i sSthi little ones(n.) — ffi gH eui f si r uvar check-up (n.); med. exam— chillies, red pepper - ufi l Ga'n'^emasr par i sothanai l EI er r &i mi j mi l agSy cheer (up someone) (v.t.) - chin (u.) - L oSl L pi sSl magi l vi GL DfTSX i r r i L I movay (tofflyiaSaa, i ci Sl ^sS\ ^§i ) choice (n.) — chest (of the body) ( n. ) - Q^preij ther vu Q ^ ( ^ 5r nenj u. (Q^/fley ther i vu) L Dr r ^L j mdr bu choose(v. t); elect - chew (v.t.) - G^/7V5(o)i5(5) themthedu QL DSO met (-6T®ffiffi, - 6 7 ® ^ ^ ) ; ((D)U)«JSU, Qtzjcargu) Gi5/7T5^ themthu [p.p. only] 24 chosen (adj.) - Q^i fl ^ai ther i ntha chop (v. t); c ut - Qaitl( 5) vettu (G)si/ili_, Qeni L i q.) chop (n.); c ut - Qeui L (S) vettu church (n.); temple - GarruBA) koyi l R.C. church (n.) - L ur f^i T GsnuSleo maths koyi l cinema (film); pictore; map - UL ^L D padam, 'Sl ssF l L Dfr ' si ni ma circle (n.); region - SUL L L ^L D vattam circular (adj.) — euL -i —L or r esT vattamana, vattavadi vamana circ*mstance (n.); situation- ^^r ^smeo sul ni l ai suiTound[ing] - situation (n.); condition- f§ei s)ev ni l ai city (n.) - asf f j T ur , r ssi X L D nagar am, U L - L - S a r i i patti nam claim(n.); right, privilege - a_/fls!ntij ur i mai clap (v.) - es)s; ^ll(51 kai thattu (- ^ L J _ , - ^ l l i ^ . ) clarity (n.) - Q^efiieif thel i vu clash(n.) - ffsmesi L - sandai , Gi Dr r ^eo mdthal clash(v.) - GL DfTgj mdthu{GwfTi i ,Gwfj ^y, s^ei sr i snL ^Qur r ® sandai podu (- (Sum-, - QunCj ®) class(n.); kind, sort - emi a i nam class(n.); division - ei J (gi L J L j ' vaguppu classify (v. t); divide- ei J (g vagu (6u(g«ffi, aj (g^) claw (n.) — r ssL D nagam clean (grain, etc.) (v.t) - aemetr kal ai 2 5 clean (v. t) - Si ^^LD Qfiu suttham sey (- Qffi ui u, - QffiiHs;); sutthappadutthu clean (adj.) - a^esi i orran) sutt)m(mana) cleanliness (n.); purity — a ^^l i suttham morally 'clean' person - sutthamdnavar be clear (v.i.) - effletTlSJ ^ vi lahgu (aSsrr/wa, eS m iiiS l ) be clear (v.i.); be certain - Qgsiffl theli (Q^srBiu, Qiserfl/s^) make clear (v.L), clarify - theli vupadutthu clear (adj.) - Q^i sfHeurrei sT theli vana clearly (adv.) - Q^siflsu/r« theli vaga clarity (n.) - Q^fflfflsi/ theli vu climate (n.) - thatpaveppani lai climb (v. t. ); enter (vehicle) exgu eru {^p, ^rgl) climb (n.) - ejrppLD erram clock (n.); wristwatch - «Uj.«/rirtii kadi garam close (v. t. ); shut — fffT^gl satthu {f f i T^^, m ^es)L^ adai (-««, -^§i ) close (prep.); near - ©ilL_ ki tta close (v.t.); cover - ^( 5 1 mi ulu ( opi-, apt?.) be closed (v.i.); be covered ^l!j.u5)(T5 mudi yi ru (-g)C5««, -^(sm) closing (n.), clostire; end - ^LSj-Si ^ mudi vu closed (adj.) - Qfi Lq.Uj mudi ya cloth (n.); clothes - jyssisfl thuni wear (clothes) (v.) - udutthu 26 clothes (n.) - ^ss)L- adai , S-(£\ ULf uduppu cloud (n.) - GLDSLD megam cloudy (adj.) - L D ^^fTr r L D fTesr mantharamSna clown (n.), comedian - QsnLDrrefi l komali coal (charcoal) - (uduppu-k- )kari coal (mineral) (n.) - ri leosai fl ni la-k~kari coalition (n.) - suLQl kuffu, 5^LLi4.«!ns!S!!rci/. kutti nai vu coast (n.); beach - SL^psi emrr kadarkarai co*ck (rooster) (n.) - Gffeueo seval coconut (n.) - Q^lBJ tumu thehgay coconut tree (n.) — (o}fl;ssrsinsirr(u)fni) thennai (maram) coin (n.) - SlTOr kasu cold (adj.) - (^efli rjnesr kuli rana, (garS/jj5^ kuli rntha very cold (adj.) - L Eas( ge/ r l !TfTe!!T mi ga-k-kuli rana coUect (v.t.); j oin, unite - G*(T ser (CSffffffiat, Ga^^^^i ) coOect (v.t.); gather- ^TjlL® thi rattu ( gl i TL X . , ^j TL UJ . ) collect (v.) - skjLQ) kattu ( ffi j l i _, flkili^.); kudu ( « I L . , ena^.) collection (n.); cr owd- ffiilli—UD knttam collective (n.); partnership - <9i. l l (5) kuttu collective (adj.), j oint - sh ul ^L ^r r esr kuttsna collectively (adv.), jointly — gi dLL^rrs kuttaga, ak.L^ kuda college (n.) — •seo&^ffi kalluri colony (n.) - Sh.ls^u5\ (§LJ Lf kadiyiruppu 27 color(n.) - f^pLD niram comb(n.) - &ULI slppu comb(v.) - ffa/sivu{Sai, 9sSl) come(v.i.) - comedy(n.) - nagaicchuvai nddagam comedian(n.) — QarfLoneH kSmali, sSisnseSl vikadakavi comic(adj.) - QsnLDfTe^^^asTLDfTesr kdmalitthanamdna, si5)<BL_iD/ri5W vikadamana, ^liiuurresr sirippana comically(adv.) - kdmalitthammaga comicalness(n.) - komalitthanam comfort (inlife) (n.) - *Slii sugam comfortable(adj.) - SrSLDrremsugamana comfortably(adv.) - •S^SLDITSsugamaga comfort (pleasant state) - a/ff^@vasathi comfortable(adj.) - euf^iurrssT vasathiyana comfort (console) (v.t.) - G^pgUtherru(Ggpnj, G^prgf); ^piru arru {^pp, ^psH) comfort (consolation) (n.) - ^%gll^eO aruthal comforting(consoling) (adj.) - ^^j^^eurrm SruthalSna command(n.) — t^c^osw drtai command(v.t.) — ^es)<smu5l(St anaiyidu -g)L.®); siLt_e!nsrru51Qi kattalaiyidu command(n.) — ^^arrrria athigSram comment (on) (v.) - eSlerrssiexjenp- ^efH vUakkavurai all (-^aSffiffl, - coBomerce(n.); trade- eSlturrurrpTLhviyabaram committee(n.) - kulu, ffonu sabai 28. common(adj.); public; usual - QuiT^(eiirresr) potliu(vana) communicate(v.) — (seythi) thodarbu kol (- Qanenerr, - Q^iremdl) companion(n.) - G^fTLpasT tholan(m.), G^fT^ thBlJ(f.), fgeierueir nanban(m.) companionship(n.) - G^lTLpemLD tholamai company(business, industry) - tholir kudam compare(v.t.); contrast— e^Ul3®oppldu {^UISL-., ^ULSIL.®)) comparedto, than - sjL;Lf(51«3iffiu5)sb oppidukaiyil, e^uiS\iLi—aeo oppittal, aSIl—vida comparison(n.); contrast - e^uLSQ\ compete(v.i.) - GumLlS).uSl(S>pottiyidu {-§11-^-g)L-®) competition(n.); contest - GumLln. potti complete(v.L); finish- (ipi^- mu4i ((tPt9-««,Qfiut-^gl) becompleted(v.i.); end- (Lpuf. mudi (gpifi", (ipii^Sl) complete(adj.) — (Lplq.exinesT mudivdna completely(adv.) - (Lp(Lgi^lJD muluthum becompleted(v.i) - (LpppuQugU murra-p-peru (-Qup, -Qupjfi) completely(adv.), entirely - (tpipgllLh murrum all(u.)- (LppgilLD murrum comproinise(n.) - samarasa inakkam compromise(v.) - samarasa inakkamsey 'gofor acompromise' (v.) - t^^^uGurr otthu-p-po computation^n.); accounts - aismA(g, kanakku concern(n.); care; worry— dssi/ssisu kavalai 29 concerni ng; about — un)^ parri wl i i ch concerns - unj^uj parriya concert (n.) - •SffGfflfl kaccheri condemn (v.t.); accuse - kui ramsattu (- mi' .1 ,, -sFnLis).) condemn (v.t.), sentence- thirppu kuru (- aiJT), - <Kxff51) condi ti on (n.); qual i ty; nature - ^si rsj ri LD thanmai condi ti on ; state; si tuati on - fflfflnci) nilai, rflaneoanLD nilaimai conduct (n.); behavi or - IBl—^es)^ nadatthai, [Sl—euts^sanx nadavadikkai conf er (v.i .) - kalanthu pesu . (- Gu0, - GuS\) conf erence (n.) - seo^^mhs^ kalanthayvu conf i dence; bel i ef; hope - rgliiLSIsieins; nambikkai conf i rm (v.t.) - G]<y(U uruthi sey (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^tiigi) conf l i ct (n.) - a=essranL- saitdai conf usi on (n.) - (^LpuULD kulappam conf use (others) (v.t.) - (SjLpULI kulappu i(S!fiuu, ©yj uLS) be conf used (v.i .) - (glfiLDLj kulambu (oyiLou, ©tpiitil) conf usi on; del usi on; f ai nti ng — LDIUSSLD mayakkam conf use (v. t); c har m- LDUJS(g mayakku (uj lU ffiffi, wiusSf) be conf used (v.i .) - LDtUBl^ mayahgu congr atul ate (v.L ) — unrjiriLQi pSrsm juiriTiri'I , unj r/rtl i f ); • eurrijp^fftl valtthu 30 congratul ati on(s) (n.) — urrrxniL® pSrSttu, evrrifi0^ valtthu congr atul ator y (adj .) - eurrip^^LD valjthum connect (sth.) (v. t); stri ng (beads, etc.) - Q^nQi thodu (Q^/r(5i<ffiffi, Q0fT(S)0^) coi mect (v.t.) - S)sff)S53r Inal get connected (v.i .), j oi n — ^s ms s w Inal (ffl snsranu, 1 connecti on (n.) — ^S)ns55rsi / Inalvu conquer ; tri umph; succeed - Qeueo vel (Glsususu, fflsucnwu) consi der (v.t.); thi nk — [ilanasr ninal (jDensaas, ^anssr^g;); iof(SSST<oCS)i ennu (ffTfasaitoOor, STSOTTGlSlrf?) consi der (v.); thi nk — •35®^ karuthu consti tute (v.t.) - ^es)LD amal (,^s!nu)<a:<s, ^Ginw^^)\ '^ipuQl^gJ erpadutthu (-U(S)^iS, -u(Si$^) be consti tuted (v.i .) — ^emLD amal consti tuti on; i nsti toti on - ^emLDUL) amalppu constr uct (v.t.); consti tute - ^ss)LD amat constr ucti on (n.) — ^es)LDULj amaippu constr uct (v.t.) - (KLL(51 kattu (fflili-, «L.u).) constr ucti on (bui l di ng) - sU-Uf-l—LD kattldam contai n (v. t); control - = g i / z _ «( g adakku i^i-sa, ^i _ «S) ) contest (n.); competi ti on — GutTlLl^. potti conti nent (n.) - aj swi — i i kaTidam conti nual (adj .) - QsSfTl-.p'S=fflUJITeU thodarcchlydna 31 continuation (n. ) - Q^au-P'g:^ t h o d ar c c h i continue ( v . ) ; pursue - Q ^ f T i - f f t h o d ar contract ( n. ) ; agreement - ( ^U U ^si L D o ppan t h am control ( v . t. ) ; contain - ad ak k u control (n.) - ^^SfTrrLD d t h i k ar am convenience (n.)", comfort— eU 3=^ vasat h i convenient; comfortable - eVtS^i L i r r esT vasat h i y an a conveniently (adv.) - i ^ff^i un si vasat h i y aga convention ( n. ) ; meeting — avLLt_Lo k ut t am cook (a meal) ( v . t. ) - ffmi D sai n ai ( f f s a i U) i a 5 , x T s n u i ^ ^ ) be cooked ( y. i. ) - cook (n.) - samai y al k d r ar cooking ( n. ) — S^emL D l ueo samai y al cool (temp. ) (adj. ) - @srflir(/5^) k ul i r i n t h a) coolness (n. ) - ( gsrSjrCSJDLD) k ul i r ( mai ) cool veater (n. ) - pac c h ai -t -t h an n i r cool down ( v . ) ; calm down - am ( ^p , ^j S) coolie ( daily wage) (n. ) - ifc.siS) k u l i coolie ( worker) (n. ) - * ai ^eSt i un ea k ui i y al co-operate ( v . i. ) — Sk .^.3=GlffUJ k ud i c c h ey co-operativ e (adj.) - sn aL L ^aan k at t an a co-operativ ely (adv. ) — 9ijL.l —!T Si k ut t aga co-operation (n. ) — asul( 5) peiy kamravu co-operativ ely (adv. ) - «iXl(J)ff3QJ/r6S k ut t ur avaga copper ( n. ) ; water pot - Qs^L D i -l sembu 32 copper (made of) ( adj. ) — QsF U L j seppu copy ( in writing) ( v . t. ) - pd r t t h u el ut h u (- CTcjp^, - 6 I ( y) ^) copy ( n. ) , duplicate - /jiSisb n agal comer ( n. ) ; angle - ftpssisu mul ai , Qsn r en i T L D k o n am corporation ( n. ) ; association; political party — t SSL p^L D k al agam correct ( adj. ) ; fme; yes - ffl fl sar i , 3=r fl i ufr s>sr sar i y an a correct ( v . t ) - i F l fl i ur r sfg sar i y ak k u (-«?(,««, -^«S) correct ( v . t. ) - ^(!5^§1 t h i r ut t h u correction ( n. ) — ^qg^^L D t h i r ut t h am correct (adj. ) - ^Q^^^L D fT ssr t h i r uuh aman a correctly ( adv. ) - ^Q^^^l Mi r m t h i r ut t h amaga cost ( n. ) , price - GiSlsmsD vi l ai cot ( n. ) — «l l t^( sb k at t i l cotton ( wool) ( n. ) - U ( ^a paH j u couch ( n. ) - a^r T U j i n n 'ssnh say aman am cough ( v . i. ) - §l(!S(iP ( g) ( 5 " > . g)®!^) cough ( n. ) - ^ ( T g L D S U i r umal coul d ( aux. v . ) - ( L pU f.i L l L h mud i y um coul dn' t (aux. v . ) - ( L pl sf.U J r T ^ mud i y St h u count ( v . t ) ; t hi nk- 6Tiss5r@!/ en n u (ffTSOTrew, ffTcwrcirafl) country; inhabited land — IBrrQl n ad u, Q^ffL D d h esam couple ( n. ) ; pair — G^mq. j o d i courage (n. ) - em^l fi uj L D d h ai r i y am 33 courageous (adj) - m^M i U L D f tesr dhai r i y ai n an a courageously (adv.) - an ^i f l i U L D r T i S dhai r i y amaga court (of law) ( n . ) - ^^L D Su pL D n i thi man r am cover (n.) - gpt ^ mu di cover (v.t.); close- gp( 5 ) mu du {( tpu , ftoif) be covered (v.i.); closed - Q pi Sj - u S l q ^ mu di y i r u (-g)C!5««. - ^K Smi ) cow (n.) - ( J * pasu coward (n.) - G x r T smL p k ol ai , u i u aJ Si T e/ H pay an gdl i cowardly (adj.) - Q sn T an L pi u tT ssr k ol ai y Sn a, ^f f f Q pef T en ac c hamu l l a crash down and smash (v.i.) - vi l u n thu n or u n gu ( - Q tsn i ^ma, - G l ^i r gn i i i S) craziness (n.); foolishness - an u ^^i U L D pai tthi y am crazy (adj.); foolish — pai tthi y aman a create (v.t.); ef f ect- ak k u s^ei n T L ^r T Si f Q u n dak k u (-=?i««, -^S*®) create (v.t.) - a- essrCpiu eisresmi u n du pan n u creature (n.) - u y i r i ( n am} cri me (n.); f aul t - @j)/r)Lb k u r r am cri mi nal (n.) - @p/DSU/T«S k u r r aval i cri mi nal (adj.) - ( gi ppOpei i T er T k i i r r amu l l a crisis (n.) - Q r Bd^s&L S^ n er u k k adi cri ti cal t i me (n.); emergency - n er u k k adi n i l ai cri ti cal (adj.) - n er u k k adi y dn a 3 4 criticize (v.t.) — ( gi ppL b sar r si sr k u r r am k an ( - «(7-6Mr, - asm&y , OSI L D P I ^ vi mar shi (oStog-^ffiffl, O S L D ^ S ) ^ ^ ) cri ti c (n.) — aSli£)/r<?ffiSsr vi mar shagan cri ti cal review (n.) - aSl i op'S^esT L h vi mar shan am crop(s) (n.) - uuSiJ- pay i r crore (ten million) - G^ f TU}, k odi cross (over) (v.t.) - i S i _ k ada (<3;/_«ffi, « L _ ^ ^ ) ; (gffUisOffi (Burr k u r u k k e po ( - Q U I T S; , - Q u n i i j } crossing (n.); junction — s^^^L J L j san thi ppu crow (n.) - sr r ai h k agam, ar r aema k ak k ai crowd (n.) - <SfcllL_ £ii k U ttam cruel (adj.) - Q : X r T ( ^e<n L D i u i T esT k odu mai y an a cruelly (adv.) - k odu mai y aga cruelty (n.) - G\si!rQ\e>!) L D k odu mai crush (v.t.) - (o);5/rffy<s5@ n omk k u (£)^/7gy<s«, G j i sn gu mS) ) ; f Sar i X ( g n asu k k u be crushed (v.i.) - Q r Bn ^iingi n or u n gu ( Q f i i T D i mi a, Q i sr r n j j i i j Sl ) get crushed (v.i.) - r Bar aj ( ^ n asu hgu cry (v.i.) - ^( L p al u i ^i p, ^dp^) cryi ng (n.) - ^ (Lfiems al u gai cuckoo (n.) — (g,tiS iec ku yil culture (n.) - aeon f f mr j L D k al ac c har am, u emu r r Q l pan badu cultured person (n.) - u smu r r etr p' pan bal ar curds (n.) - ^ il S iir thay i r 3 5 cu r e (v.L) - guna ppa d utthu (ffjeswu^rtafffi guna mS k k u (- ^««, -^ffi g)) cu s t om (n.); h a b i t - euLpAxib (uLpAsLD) va l a k k a m (pa l a k k a i n) D dai l y (adj.) - ^£ 5 7 d hi na dai l y (adv.) - ^a !r(L pL D d hi na mum ' d a i l y' (newspaper ) (n.) - ^ms=fi l d hi na sa ri d a m (n.) - \ ^S3)S3!ir(ffia5Ll(5l) a na i (-k -k a ttu) d a m (v.t.) - ^s m s K s r a i L Qi a na i k a ttu (- <SL-I _ , - d SL. ^. ) damage (n.); i n j u r y — Q<S(5)^sl) k ed utha l l i ar i i d i i l (adj.) - Qa(^^etin'ew k ed utha l a na h an n fu l l y (adv.) - QsQi ^eona k ed utha l a ga be d a ma ged (v.i .), s poi l ed - Qa Qt k ed u {Qsi -, Qxi L ®) d amage (v.t .); s p o i l - Q6!(51 fed«(5)«Sl««, Qs& 0 gi ) d a mp (adj .), w e t - F F l T L Dl T esr i ra ma na d ampn es s (n .), wetness - F F fT L D i ra m dan ce (v.i .); move - =^(5) S d ti ( ^L . , ^uj.) dan ce (n.) - ^ L L L — L D a tta m d an c e (v.) - rsL—S S T L Di rQl na d a na md d u (-•«.'-. -^'4-') d an ger ; cal ami t y; acci den t - ^ U 0 ^ a ba tthu d a n ger (n.) - ^u r r i U L D a ba y a m d an ger ou s (adj .) — a ba y a ga ra ma na d a r k (adj .) — ^qgemi — i rund a , ^(T J l l l — f f s s r i rutta na d ar k n es s (n.) — ^( T J O T i rul , sq^emL D k a ruma i 36 d at e (day) (n . )- thethi d a u gh t er (n,) - i D «er r ma ga l d a u gh t er - i n - l a w (n.) - LD(J ^LD£SWT ma ruma ga l i a y m (of day) (v.i .) — sS l u^ vi d i (aS^i u , n St j j s ^) d a TO (n.) - eS l uj-i ueo vi d i y a l d a y b r ea k (n .), ear l y mor n i n g - e^Uj-i upa rremei i vi d i y a rk d l a i d ay (of t h e week ) (n.) - S i L pemL D k i l a ma i d a y (24 hr s.) (n.) - / STsfr na l d a y a f t er t o m o r r o w - / 5 / r en'S3r£3i/ j)«(g na l a nra i k k u d a y b efor e yes t er d ay - (L pp^rrrsrrefr muntha nd l (on ) t h at d a y - ^ei r^ a nru, ^ei ra nps(g a nra i k k u d ea d (adj .) - Qa =^S i settha l i fel es s (adj .) - a_u5)p" ^d ) G O / r ^ uy i r i l l a tha d ea f (adj .) - Qs^eS l l ^nesr sevi d d na , k d thu k el d tha d ea f per s on (n.) — (ol<yffl5)z_/r sevi d a r [ - i _ 6i r (m.), -Hi . (f.)], k d thu k el d tha va r [-susir (m.), -eurfr (f.)] d ea t h (n.) - L a rjemi S ) ma ra na m d ea t h (n .); fu n er al - ff/ rsy sd vu d eb at e (n.) - eS i ei i na i L D vi vd tha i n d eb at e (v.) - eS l sun^ vi va thi deci de (v.) - ^i r U D f T es f l thl rmd ni (^(TU)/ TSDfl«<s, ^^wr T es f l 0 § i ) d ec i d ed l y (adv.) - ^P'LDfTesTLCifTS tk l rma na md ga d ec i s i on (i n l a w); j u d gm e n t - ^prLDiresTLD thl rmd na m, ^i fuq thl rppu, g/ >t 4 -Sy mUd i vu 37 d e c i s i v e ( a d j . ) - thirmanamana, QpLq-euireu mudivdm d e c l a r e ( v . ) - ^^<sS} arivi d e e p ( a d j . ) - ^LpLorrssr alamdna p r o f o u n d ( a d j . ) - ^ip^es dlntha t h e ' d e e p ' ( s ea , o c e a n ) - ^IpLD dlam d e e r ( n . ) - LDrrek man d e f e a t ( n . ) - Q^aeoeSl tholvi d e f e a t ( i n c o m p e t i t i o n ) ( v . t . ) - G^fTi p^i L q. thorkadi ( S ^ i r pa s i f «f f i, CS0iTpaui.0gi) d e f e n d ( v . t . ) - mr r uufr n)^ kappdrru ( si TU U i r pr p, amJuiTpiSiy, suTQjeo Qi Ftu kaval sey (- G}ffiuiu, - Qffdi^) d e f i c i t ( n . ) - ^anr p{sif) kurai(vu) s c a r c i t y ( n . ) ; s h o r t a g e - LipprTS( Qas)ip parrdkkurai d e f i c i e n t ( a d j . ) - ^anpeiinasr kuraivdna i n s u f f i c i e n c y ( n . ) - (^anrps^ffeo kuraicchal i n s u f f i c i e n t ( a d j . ) - kuraicchaldna, (gsmpfigj kuraintha i n s u f f i c i e n t l y ( a d v . ) - kuraicchaldga d e f i n i t e ( a d j . ) — ^L- i _61/LL. l i ( - c ^lSw) thittavattam(dna), •xsssr uj j j un'si sr kandippdna, ai L i —rriULDrresr kattSyamana d e f i n i t e l y ( a d v . ) - sessruf-uurrs; kandippaga, kattayam(aga) d e f i n i t e n e s s ( n . ) ; c e r t a i n t y - aiLL^rriULD kattdyam d e g r e e ( s t a g e , l e v e l ) ( n . ) — Ut 4- padi 38 d e g r e e ( n . ) , d i p l o m a , h o n o r - uCl—LO pattam d e i t y ( n . ) , G o d - Qi^iLKSULa dheyvam d e l a y ( n . ) - ffitTLD^LD thdmatham d e l a y e d ( a d j . ) - ^ma^LDfTesr thamathamana d e l a y i n g l y ( a d v . ) - ^nLD^Lonsi thdmathamaga d e l a y ( v . L ) - thdmatham sey (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qs^iugi) d e l a y ( v . ) ; t a r r y - ^mJD^ thdmathi d e l e g a t e ( n . ) - L SI r r ^fff^ pirathinithi d e l e g a t i o n ( n . ) - ^£i m( g(Lp dhuthukkulu d e l i g h t ( l u ) ; h a p p i n e s s — ^skutM inbam d e l u s i o n ; c o n f u s i o n ; f a i n t i n g - U X U f f i S t b mayakkam d e l u d e ( v . t ) ; c h a r m — Li)UJS( g mayakku b e d e l u d e d ( v . i . ) - LDUJlij(g mayangii d e m a n d ( v . t . ) - C«sfr kel ( Gf f i L . « , SsC.&) d e n i a l ( n . ) ; p r o t e s t - L O f f j y u L / maruppu d e n o t e ( v . t . ) ; m a r k - @n5) kuri (si&^gi) d e n o u n c e ( v . L ) - (^ppLD'fmLQi kurram-sdttu (-a^m'.t ., - y m ' iq); (QppLDSfTeiw kurram-kdn (-«(rsMr, -««iSn-®) d e n y ( v . t ) , d i s a g r e e w i t h - LOffy maru (u)nj /««, uigij^gi) d e p a r t ( v . i . ) - LjipLILlQl purappadu ( L / p t J u L , L / p u u t l g ) ) ; Gur r po ( ( Sur r s, Gur td j ) d e p a r t m e n t ( n . ) ; s e c t o r - ^einp thurai d e p e n d o n ( v . ) - S'trp' sar {mir, a^nd^gi) d e p e n d e n t ( a d j . ) - arrpi^s^ sdmtha d e p e n d e n t ( n . ) - s^n^^^euesT sdmthavan 39 deplore (v.t.) - varuttham therivi (- ffl^Maa, - Q^iHsSI^) deposit (n.); advance — QpasTuemLD mun-panam depth (n.) - c^Lpii Slam descend from (v.i.); get down• ^(pai(S irangu (g)fD(5/ffi, gjjDiugl) descend (v.i.); become humble- ^fryi thai (^(Ttp, fiiTjf^) descent (n.) - ^psxiJD irakkam describe (v.t.) - aSsu/fl vivarl (eSlojiflma, •^aifH^gi) description (n.) - eSleuflLD vivaram informative (adj.) - eSleuiXLDrTeisr vivaramana informatively (adv.) — eSieiirjLDrTS vivaramaga desert (n.) - un'«!nsu(sus3TU)) palai(vanam} design (n.); plan - @ LLL_ UD thittam design (v.t.); plan - ^L-I—LB® thittamidu (-g)t_, - g) L.0) desire (n.); eagerness - ^fflnff asai, eSl(r^uULDviruppam - desirable (adj.) - ^es)ffiunstsr asaiyana, eSlq^LJULarrescviruppamana passionately (adv.) - ^ms^iutra asaiyaga desire (aux. v.); want; need - (Seuemt^Lb vendum don't desire, don't need — GeuessTL^fTLDvendam desired (thing) (n.) - eS](t^LDi3uj {Qurrq^efr) virumbiya (porul), vendiya( thu) desist (v.i.); cease - siS)(5) vidu (aS)i_, O SLSI ) desk (small); tabl e- mesai (mejai) 40 destroy (v.t.) — ^if all {^iflas, ^ifl0Si) be destroyed (v.i.) — all i^ifltu, ^if^gi) destructi on (n.) - ^ifleij aljvu detaU(s) (n.); amplification- aSsujTU) vivaram determi nati on (n.); firmness — s^giJ^ uruthi develop (v.i.); evolve - €ipu(St erpadu develop (v.t.) - erpuQl^g] erpadutthu (.^puSi0fi, ?r|pu®^@) devel opment (production) - aupu^^ urpatthi devel opment (growth) (n.) - evLpprff^ valarcchi device (implement, instrument) S(QeSi karuvi device (trick, strategem) - tt/a;^ yukthi dew (n.); fog; mist — Ussfl pani di cti onary (n.) — ^sp'fT^ agaradhi die (v.i.) - ira (g)!Dffi«, g )p0^) die (w/ ref. to animals) (v.i.) - di e(v. )- Qff^^ Qurr setthu po (- GuiTs, - Gurriii) differ (v.i.); be di fferent- GeiJgUuQi verupadu difference (n.) - GajgyL//r(5) verupadu difference (n.) - (Scupffj/fflnLD verrumai different (adj.) - Gs wy veru differentiate (v.) - verupadutthu (-u0^«s, - u®^) difficult (adj.) - aUf-esTLDiresr kadinamana, •xet^l^LDlTesr kashtamdna difficulty (n.); trouble - SLSf-esriJa kadinam, sei^L—ia kashtam dig (v.t.) - G^fTeisrQt thondu (G^/rsrari_, G^nessru).) 41 di nner (party) - e&q^^^ virunthu di rect (v. t); manage - rBl—^§! nadatthu di rect (adj.) - Qlsi^lU neriya di r ectl y (adv.) - GfsGp' ner e di r ecti on (compass) (n.) - ^<5@ dhikku, ^es)s: thisai di r t (n.) - ^a^^LD asuttham di r fy (adj.) - ^a^^LDiresr asutthamana di r t ; di rty laundry - alukku di r t y (adj.) - ^( t p s s f f s w alukkana disappear (v.i .); be hidden - LDsmp marai make di sappear (v. t ); hide - Loemp marai (wempss, i i i Bni p^gi ) disappearance (n.) - LDonpeij maraivu di sappoi nt (v.t.) - sjLD/ r/ Dnj; Smdrru (,^LD/Ti pp, S TLDi r pr gl ) di sappoi ntment (n.) - (^LDfTppLh emarram di sappoi nti ng (adj.) - •^LDfTppLDfTew emarramana di sappoi nti ngl y (adv.) - ^LdfrppLDrrs emdrramaga di scover (v.t.); i n ven t - •semQilSlUf. kandupidi di scovery (a.); i nventi on - X S S S r Ql LS I u j .LJ LI kandupidippu • disease (n.); illness - (5/ 5/ nu noy di smi ss (v.t.) - / f<S@nlkku (jfAs,/ ?«©) dismiss f r om servi ce (v.) - velaiyilirunthu nlkku (- /^««, - ^a i ^) di sposi ti on (n.); nature - ^Ujpes)S iyarkai, Lassrs'mp'Ll manaccharbu di spute (n.); debate - sSleurreiLD vivdtliam 4 2 di spute (v.i.) - eSleurr^ vivdthi di stance (n.) - ^p'LD dhuram, Q^rTsmeoeij tholaivu di stant (adj.); f a r - ^[TLDfTssr dhuramana, Q^fTsnewsufrsw tholaivana di st r i bu t i on (n.) - pagirntiialitthal, u i i j S (S t pangidu di st r i ct (n.) — LDrrajC -l—LD mavattam di st u r b (incovenience) (v.t.) - «S U 6 5(S 5 kalakku (ffiSOffiffi, «6 U «S ) di stur bance (inconvenience) - Q^rr/ B^jTisy thontharavu di stur bance (psychol.) - asuffi i Btb kalakkam di stu r bed (adj.); conf u sed- SGtiadlMrrasT kalakkamSna anxi ousl y (adv.) - sieoaiawaa kalakkamaga be di stu r bed (v.i .); be sti rred - 6 5 S U ( S J @ kalahgu di ve (v.i .), submerge; dr own - mulgu {fifiifis, (tpifiSi) di ve (n.); emersion - (Lp(LpS(^ mulukku di vi de (v.t.); separ ate- iSlfl piri (£5)rfi«ffi, iS/ i)^^) be separated (v.i .); depar t - L S / A pi r i {i S i f l u j , i S l i ^pgi ) di vi si on (n.) — iSlfleij pirivu di vi de (v.t.); classify - i SK @ vagu (sucgaa, ffu®^^) di vi si on (n.); class — eu^uLj vaguppu di vi si on (n.); p or t i on - eumsi vagai di vi ne (hol y); ' M r . ' - ^( 5 thiru do (v.t.) - Qa^iu sey (Q* i u i u , Q^iugi) do (v.t.); make - U SW^U pannu (usrarswr, u a sr ea nf l ) doctor (med.) (n.) - LDQ^^^exjp' marutthuvar doci mi ent (n.) - u^^rrih patthiram dog (n.) - rsmu nay 4 3 doU (n.) - Qumhes) L D bommai donkey (n. ) - S( L ges) ^ k al uthai door (n. ) - a^ei j k athavu doorway; entrance; gateway - eunsfeo vasal dot ( n. ) ; spot; po i n t - doubt (n.) - ffijGssffili santhegam doubt ( v. i. ) - santhegappadu ( - L / i _ , -utL Qi ) doubt (v. t. ) - ff^Q^Sl santhegi d o ubtful (adj.) - ffjsG^tSLO/Tsar santhSgamana d o ubtfully (adv.) - ff^Q^enL Dn'S santhegamaga dove (n. ), pigeon - qjDfr pur a d rag ( v. t. ) ; p u l l - g)( y) i l u (g)(ai««, ^(<£0m) d rama ( n . ) , play - Ism^SL D nadagam d ream (n. ) - acsrsy k anavu d ri n k ( v. t. ) - g5t^ k udi ((5^.ffi«, gii;. ^^) d rive (a vehicle) ( v. t. ) - Qff&il0^ sel i i tthu d rive (vehicle, boat, animals) - 911(51 Ot t U ( 9L . 1_ , glltlf.) . d ri ver ( o f a vehicle) (n. ) - «gL.(5)swp- ottunar d ro p ( n . ) ; particle - QfffT L -Qi sottu d ro wn , die by dro wning — mul gu (aDy>«. ao tfiS)); SPyj® mul gu i r a (- - • d ry ( v. i. ) ; wither; become hot - SfT tu k ay {^ani u, ar nu^gi ) d ry ( v. t. ) - ai ntuesvsu k ayavai d ry (adj. ), dried - SfT i i i ^^ k ayntha, 0 [ nB i soeoi T ^ i r ami l l atha 44 d ry (by wipin g) ( v. t. ) - g] sS) L - thudal ( ^£i ni _ ««, d uck (n. ) - <^a^§l vatthu d urin g, while - ner atthi ni dai ye, aga, r sei ni —Qu^L DQufT Q^^ nadai per umpol uthu dust (n.) - ^ f f l thusi dusty (adj.) - uu^^ thusi padi ntha d uty ( n . ) ; obligation - k adamai E each (adj.) ^ e^aj Qei H T ( i ^ ovvor u one by one (persons) (pron. ) — s^suQeun^f^eui! ovvor uvar one by one (things) (adv. ) - ovvonr dga eager (adj.) — ^ei neF i U I T esr dsai ydna eagerness (n. ) - ^ s j i i c asai eagerly (adv. ) - ^es]ffiun:s; asai yaga ear ( n. ) - arrgil k athu earrin g ( n. ) - exi anefT i U L D val ai yam ear o rn amen t ( n. ) - Si n^emfl k athani ear stud (n. ) - asi i L D SU k ammal , G^n-(51 thodu early (before time) (adv. ) - (tpewssTas/TcSsGsi/ munnathagave, ^aSltXinns sl k k i r amaga early ( beginning time) (adv. ) - dr amba-k al athi ya early (adv. ) - Grs[r^G^fT (S\ ( L p^^i u munthi ya, athi -k al ai yi l ( in early mo m) earn ( v. t. ) - fflhun^ sambathi 45 earnings (n.) - sambatthiyam, ffLDUevih sambalatn earth (soil) (n.) - LDsm man, lilsOLD nilam (ground) earth (planet) (n.) - y i i ) bumi, a_si)i5Lb ulagam ease(n.); easiness - * 2 U U t i sulabam easy (adj.); easier- SriSiiULDnem sulabamana easily (adv.) - ffrSVULDfT^S sulobamSga east(n.), theeast- SlLpa(g kilakku eastern (adj.) - gy) kil, kilakku samtha to/in theeast - S)g)«(5<B kilakke eat (havea meal) (v.) - ffrruiSiQi sSppidu eat (snack) (v.); & of animals - ^ S 3 T thin (gJOTsar, ^sirgij) eat (v.); drink- S-SSSr un (a_«inrsirar, !i.^(£i) economic (thrifty or brief) - ^SySsmmxei! sikkanamana economically (thriftily, briefly) ^ i S i S Gs r LDn ' i S sikkanamaga economize(v.) - sikkanappadutthu economy (thrift or brevity) - ^saasTLB sikkanam edge(n.); si de- e^CTLD Oram editor (n.); author; teacher- asiriyar educate(v.t.) - aeoeSliusfh kalviyali education; learning; study - asoeSl kalvi effect (v.t.); make; create - akku (,^««, ^«®) effect (n.); produce; gain - ueuesT palan efficient (adj.) - ^fpeminiqefrefT thiramaiyulla 46 efDciently (adv.); neatly - ^paniDtunai thiramaiyaga effort (n.); perseverence-- (Lfiiurrp^ muyarchi effortless (adj.) - 3i<scULa[Te«T sulabamana effortlessly (adv.) - 3MULDfT<X sulabamaga egg (chicken's) (n.) - (LpiLanL- muttai eggplant (brinjal) (n.) - s^^i^dSfTiij katthirikkay eight (n. or adj.) - STL.(5l ettu eighth (n. or adj.) - '^iLi—rreugj ettavathu, S T L L I —Z T L O ettam (adj. only) eighteen (n. or adj.) - L/ ^ Qi S i I 7 i l ( 5 ) pathinem • eighteenth (n. or adj.) — QasTLLi^tTeij0 pathinettavathu, pathinettam (adj. only) eighty (n. or adj.) — sremu^ enbathu eightieth (n. or adj.) - enbathavathu, wremu^nin enbatham (adj.) either (conj.) - ex^rraj^ ethavathu 'either of them' — ^si/0-<ss»Bsu lurrirrTeu^ avargalil yaravathu 'Either heor I will go." - iBnQswn (SunQeiimh. avard allathu nana povom. eldest (son, daughter) (adj.) - ^^^5 mUttha elect (v.L); select; choose— (3^(7750^5(51 thernthedu (-6T(i )ffi «, - eT(Sl0gl) election (n.) — Q^Cr^eo therthal electricity (n.) - LSlasris^nrTLD) min(saram) elephant (n.) — lUITisnesr yanai eleven - pathinonrii (n.), pathindr(u) (adj.) 47 el eventh (n. or adj.) - pathinoravathu, pathinoram(adj . onl y) else (di fferent) (adj.) - QstJ(t^ veru el sewhere (adv.) - veru engenum embarrassi ng (adj .); troubl esome - ffliiai—LDrfenT sahgadamana embarrassment ( n.) ; troubl e - ffsilSL^LD sahgadam ' emerge ( v.i .) ; get up; awake- <oT(L^ elu (ertp, ^(Lg^gl) emergency ( n.) ; hurry, haste - ^euffp'LO avasaram emoti on (n.) — manavelucchi, manakkilarcchi empl oy (v.) - GexianeouSlec ^LD^0^ velaiyil amartthu (- ^usi^, - ^m^) empti ness ( n.) ; bl an k- Qsi / gyssi LD verumai empt y (adj .); mere - QeuguanLDiurresr verumaiyana, QsL wyi i i verum end ( n.) ; l ast; final - i BSJ f ) L - f f l . kadaisi end (come to an end) (v.i .) - (J-pis^mudi end ( n.) ; deci si on- Qpis^Sij mudivu endure ( v.i .) ; sustai n - fini5](Q thangu endure ( v.t.) ; wai t — QufTgi] poru enemy (n.) - ST ^/ f l ethiri, io7^ir/rs>Sethirali energy ( n.) ; power — shakthi enforce (v.t) — kattayappadutthu 48 engi ne (n.) - lU^^rriM yanthiram enj oy (v.t.) - [T^ rasi (jjSsa, n^^gi); (inborn) anubavi enj oyment (n.) - ^CT j / usi / i i ) anubavam, ff^G^rreifLO santhosham enj oyabl e (adj .) - santhdshamana enmi t y (n.) — uems pagai, sSiQrXT^LD virdtham enough; suffi ci ency (n.) - Qurr^ia pothum, poihumanathu enough (adj .); suffi ci ent — GufT^LDfTew pothumana not enough; i nsuffi ci ency (n.) GurrfilT§} pothathu enter (v.) — ^es)Lfi nalai S-shQerT Gun ulle po (- Q U I T S, - Qurtiii) make enter ( v.L) ; poke - ^eiriLp nulai (giesiLpss, enter (v.) - 4©P^S^ i-i®m) enter (a vehi cl e) ( v. ) ; ascend - SJgU eru(5m), ^rji )) enthusi asm (n.) — ,^j^ffLlLD arvam, S-pmsih urchagam ent i re (adj .); whol e - (i p(y) mulu, ^Sieo akila, (Lp(Lg§lLDITSST muluthumana entrance; doorway, gateway - si;/r<ysuvasal envi ronment (n.) - ( ^sj nt p sulai envy ( n.) ; j eal ousy — QunipnmLD poramai equal i t y ( n.) ; evenness - s^LDLD samam equal (adj .) - 5=LD sama, ffLDLdirasT samamana equal l y (adv.) — 3=LDLDrTai samamaga 49 equal i ze (v. t ); mak e equ al - ffLDLDn'S(g sa ma mdk k u equ al (v. ); r esembl e - equ al (adj . ) - 'S^UUr r esT oppa na equ al l y (adv. ) - e^UL ma oppa ga equ i p men t (n . ) - &.usp-emL D upa k a r a na m er a (n . ); season ; t i me - ea t r eoL n k a l a m escape (n .) - s^UiSl^sseo t ha ppi t t ha l , §UL l sgL _fi b t ha ppu oda l escape (v. ) - ^UL l t ha ppu {0 UU, ^ui S); £ B UL S t ha ppi (^ui Sss, ^ I J L S I ^ ) ; t ha ppi (t t hu) odu (- g L , - gq. ) especi al (adj . ); i mp or t an t - (L psS}uJ L Df T eu muk k i ya ma na esp eci al l y (adv. ), sp eci al l y - (L peSl i UL Df T S muk k i ya ma ga es t abl i s h ( v. t ) ; i n s t a l l - rsmL(S) na m (jsm'.i _, r gr r i l jj).) es t abl i s h men t , or gan i zat i on — ^emL DL J L j a ma i ppu es t i mat e (v. t. ) - (X)@ ma t hi I M^UL SQ) ma t hi ppi du ( - i ) ' - . - g) i l ®) es t i m a t i on (n . ); val u e - L D^uq ma t hi ppu, L D^UL SQt ma t hi ppi du even (equ al ) (adj . ); s m o o t h - ePL DL Dr r snT sa ma ma na even (adv. ); al so - a s u _ kii4a, -P I 'n -ur n even t h o u gh (con j . ) — ^a sT r r oi l L D a na l um even t h en , n ever t h el ess — eT eJ r pr r eoi L D enr a l um even i n g (4 p . m . t i l l dar k ) - muj!S]ST T S0 l s> sa ya hga l a m even i n g (gen er al ) - s^f T i L l ^^p'L D sa ya nt hi r a m even i n g; gar l an d, n ec k l a c e- inrretneomdl a i 5 0 even n ess (n . ); equ al i t y - f f L UL D sa ma m even t (n . ) - s=L DUeuL D sa mba va m, / ^f f i i p f f ^ ni ga l cchi ever (adv. ) - eruGun^L D eppot hum, l oT & sT eni psi i QL Ci enr a i k k um ever l as t i n g (adj . ) - ni r a nt ha r a ma na ever y (adj . ) - «^sijQeL/ n'(f5 ovvor u ever y on e (p r on . ) - S T S uG sufr (75ti ) el l Sr um, s^ajQe)jrr(i^e)j(§uy ovvor uva r um ever y t h i n g (p r on . ) - s T s bs u / r i i el l dm, ^s i / Qs i y / r s s T gy / i ovvonr um ever y wh er e (adv. ); wh er ever - «Tffi / (gi b ehgum, er i i l Gxi L jl i } engeyum, ^I SJ St E jQa a nga nge evi den ce (n . ) - OTSSWU sa nr u, miL&\ evi den t (adj . ) - Q^e/Hexjr r mr t hel i va na evi l (n . ); h a r m - ^ss)L D t hl ma i , Qsi Qi ^eO k edut ha l evi l (adj . . ); h a r m f u l - QesQl^eoi T SST k edut ha l a na , ^l u t hi ya [bef or e n ou n s ] evol ve (v. i . ); begi n t o ex i st - <SXpu(S) er pa du evol ve (v. t . ); cr eat e; cause — G^rriT)gi]e& t hor mvi {Q^f T pi T ^sSl & s^, G^/ r/ f)gyo5}^^) ex act (adj . ) - f f l ^i t ur r esr ) sa r i i ya na ) ex act l y (adv. ) - 3=i f l ujn'3; sa r i ydga ex a m i n a t i o n (edu cat i on al ) - G^/ J SI/ t her vu ex a m i n e (v. ); i n ves t i gat e - ^[rrnu srsy ex a m i n e (med. l ab. ) (v. ) — Ul f l Gf f l T ^ pa r i sot hi (uffl Gffrrgffi ffi , ui ^Gf f n^0 gi ) ex a i n i n er (n . ) - Uffi(3a^/ T^«/r pa r i sot ha ga r 5 1 exami aat i on ( med. l ab. ) ( n. ) - ui WSffr r ^anei sr parisothanai excel ( v . ) ; be distinguished - fflp sira Sl p^) excel l ence ( n. ) - Stn)Ui -f sirappu excel l ent ( adj. ) - ^p^^ sirantha, ^ptllUfTssr sirappana excel l entl y ( adv. ) - Sl pi J ur r a sirappaga except; besides - ^eS\ r ! thavira excess ( n, ) ; r emai nd er - ^ @ « U ) athigam, LS^ mithi exchange ( v . t. ) - pariindrikkol i-Q^nsker r , - Q « / r s M T (5)); LOlTip^ inarm exchange ( v . t ) ; serve ( f ood) - ui ^LDiTtrj parimaru (u/Sto/rj), uiHwaifi) exchange ( n. ) - u/i?LDnp/DLb parimarram excite ( v . t . ) , p rov oke - S\<StTQ} kilaru {I Si mp, Si mnSI ) exci t ement ( n. ) - S)efTpr 3:^ ki j ar cchi exci te ( v . t . ) ; moti v ate - §nem(Si thl i nd u exci t ement ( n. ) ; mot i v at i on - ^em(S>ss<so thuiiduthal excuse ( n. ) - uyei r esfl l J L i manni ppu excuse ( v . t . ) ; f o r g i v e - LDSsrssfl manni execute ( carry out) ( v . t. ) - Qffi ueor r p^ seyalanu (-^pp, -^a.pjS') execute ( ki l l ) ( v . t. ) - Q« / r s b kol ( Qxr r aJ eo, Qai tr esTt^) hang ( & thus execute) ( v . t. ) — ^S.Si sS\Qi thukkilidu ^s^GoGur r Ql thukkilpddu {-Gum-, -GuiTtL(Si) exercise ( n. ) ; t r a i n i n g - UuSl pSl payirchi exhi b i t ( v . L) - ai nsi snSl kanbi {si fr essr i Sl msi , mn^i St^^y, satL Q\ ( am' , / ., <g;m'77.) 52 exhi b i t ( i on) ( n. ) - sei sr amL ^ kangatchi exist ( v . i . ) - si l / r y )^@(25 val nthi r u (-g)C5ffi«, -^is^si); s^em® und u ( pred. ) exi t ( n. ) - ( vel i yS pogum) val i exp and ( v . ) - Q5) /f l a; /r<E( g vi r i vakku ( - ^ f f i « , -^aQ) exp ansi v e ( adj . ) - sSl ftteui r esT vi r i vana exp ansi v el y ( adv . ) - aSl i fl oj r r si vi r i vaga exp and ( v . t . ) ; s p r e a d - ur fUL j parappu exp anse ( n. ) - Ul j i j i ^ par appu exp and ( v . i . ) ; mul t i p l y — Qu( r ^( g per ugu ( Q u o * , £)u(gS)) exp and ( v . t ) ; i ncr eas e- Qu( i }a( g per ukku exp and ( v . i . ) ; open; e x t e nd - aSl i ^ vi r i (a5)/fliu, Q5)*(5sy) exp ect ( v . t ) ; wai t f o r - ST^/ T Unvr ethi r par exp end i t ur e ( n. ) , exp ens e- sel avu, panacchel avu exp eri ence ( n. ) ; enj oyment — anubavam exp eri enced ( adj. ) - anubavamul l a exp eri ence ( v . i . ) ; f eel — uQi pad u ^es)l ueS} anubavi ( c S ^g yua S a a t , ^^ueSl ^gi ) exp er i ment ( n. ) — par i sothanai exp er i ment ( v . ) - par i sothanai seythu par ( - unfi aa, - ur r pr ^gj ) 53 expert(n.) - rilLjsm^ nipunar expertise(n.) - ^Liem^^ojLD nipunatthuvam, ^pas)Ln thiramai expert(adj.) - ^panLDiUiran' thiramaiyana ex-pertiy(adv.) - ^pas)UMJ[TS thiramaiySga explain(v.t.) - oSlsffffiQvilakhi (G)5l6ir<s«,6i5?Grr«S)) explanation(n.) - aSlsffasffizi vilakkam, eSlerra(3j6ieb vilakkuthal explode(v.) - QexJLq. vedi explore(newterritory) (v.t.) - uiuemLDQfftu^^fl5) payanamseythuari (- ^tiSlas, - ^fSlmi) explore(v.t); investigate- (3^i4.urTir thedipSr express(one'sfeelings) — Qexie/HsxmLQ] velilckam {-am' I ,-am" ii;.) express(fast) (adj.) - eSletniJisif viraivu, sSlemcreun'esr viraivdna quickly(adv.) - eSlwrreurra I eSlsjnp-aSliAi viraivagaI viraivil extend(v.t.) - ^il(jl nittu {$tLi-, ^Cisj.) extend(time) (v.i.); last- $LS\. nidi (if^.dEffi,/fi^j.^^) extension(of service,etc.) - ^Uf-ULj n'ldippu extend(v.t.); expand- Sl5)ffl viri (fflS)(f)ffi«,aSlffi^^) extendto(v.i.); expand- siS)rf5viri (eSliHiu, sSlifl^gi) extensive(adj.); expansive- aSllftexirresr virivana extensively; expansively- oS/flsun"* virivdga extensiveness(n.); expansion— oSfflo/ virivu extent(n.); expanse- uriULf parappu extent(n.); limit; amount; measiure— cjysiTa/ alavu 54 external (adj.); foreign - Qexis/HiUfTesr veliydna, QevsfflULjp velippura theexternal,outside(n.) - Qoje/H veli extra,asmuchaspossible— ^@<9 5 athiga, LEleinstufTear migaiydna extreme(adj.) — ^^<B athiga, LSleosi migai, miguntha eye(n.) - Siemkan eyebrow(n.) - kanburitvam F face(n.); mouth(of river) - (LpaiM mugam facility(n.); convenience- sns^^ vasathi facile(adj.),easy— eus^^iu[rem vasathiyana withfacility(adv.),easily- eus'^iurrs vasthiydga fact(n.) - nadanthakariyam, s_essres)LD unmai factory(n.) — thdlirch&lai faa(v.i.)- ^sygU thavaru failure(n.) — £Seu0^eo thavaruthal mistake(n.),error— assuffjythavaru mistaken(adj.) — ^eurpaem thavardna mistakenly(adv.) - ^euprrs thavardga faint(v.i.) - mayangi vilu (-oSyj,-eS](ig^si) fainting(n.); confusion - LDluAaiLh mayakkam, LDUJISjSllSlSI(Lp^ed mayahgiviluthal fair (honest,etc.) (adj.) - GrspremLDiutresT nermaiyana 55 fairness(n.) - Gf Si ranLD nermai fair (moderate) (adj.) - s-ixfrp'frssumardga fair (beautiful) (adj.) - ^LpsrresT alagana faith; belief; confidence— fSLDLSsans; nambikkai faithful (adj.)- ^iMiSaecia a_srrsyr nambikkai ulla, rsLodlsesisiLirrssr nambikkaiydna faithfiilly(adv.) - nambikkaiyaga fall(v.i.)- Q5!(y) vilu (a5)ip, eSI(i^gi) faBen(adj.) — eSl(Lp^sSviluntha false(adj.) - QuiTiuiunest poyyana falsely(adv.) - Qumuiurrs; poyySga falsehood(n.) - QuaiLi poy liar (n.) - Qunihium poyym deception(n.) - QurreSl psli false(adj.), deceptive- QurreSiiunempoliyana falsely(adv.), deceptively- GurreSliufTSpoUySga fame(n.) - L-j'X^pugal famous(adj.) - q&(L^metT pugalulla, LfSipQupp pugalperra famously(adv.) - LjSLpfTiS pugalaga family(n.) - (^QlLDULD kudumbam fan(electric&hand) (n.) - eSl^n^l visiri far (distance) (n.) - glTCnJDdhuram far (adj.) - ^pTLorresr dhuramSna sofar (tUl now) - euemrr ithu varai fare(n.); fee- (SSLLt-SssTLb kattanam farm(n.) — uemes)em pannai 56 farm(v.) - Uiz5)/fl(51 payiridu (-g)L, -g)L.0) farmer (n.) - e)5}aja=nuS}vivasdyi farmhand(n.) — usraranswiu/Tfifr pannaiydl farming(n.), agriculture— GeuemrsiwsinLD velanmal, aSfaja^rriLiLb vivasdyam farther, beyond; moreover - ^ULjtpLD appuram beyond(inspace) — ^ULjpiSs appuram, ^uunso appdl farthest (adj.) - c5SS)l_^iun'Gsr kadaisiyana, LSS'SXJLD gJJflLCirTSST migavum dhuramana fast- QeilSLOfTewvegamana (adj.), slkkiramlsikkiramaga (adv.) fasten(v.t.); bind; build- «LL(51 katta {aiLi-, sCuf.) fat (adj.) - sem^^ ganattha, Q&nqgs,^ koluttha growfat (v.i.) - QarrcLp kolu corpulence(n.) — Q<ffi/7(i^(JL/ koluppu fate(n.) - ffl5J^vithi father (n.) - ^UUlT appa, ^/Ssnss thanthai father-in-law(n.) - LDiTLDSirrrp' mdmanSr fault (n.); crime- (gp(OLb kurram fault (n.); mistake- thavaru fault (n.); blame; revenge- UL^ pali findfault (v.t.); blame- Uifl pali (uyBffiffi, uL^$§i) fear (n.) - uiULO payam, ^s=ffLD accham fear (v.i.); beafraid- uiUuuQi payappadu (-ui_, -uu.(Jl); anju (^©*, =s^(gS) 57 f e a r f u l ( a d j . ) - utui Bj ai pr mi Tar r payangaramdna f e a r f u l l y ( a d v . ) - ui uai si r TLDr r ei payangaramdga f e a r l e s s ( a d j . ) - UlULSeoeoats payamillatha, ^(^fffT^ anj'atha f e a r l e s s l y ( a d v . ) - ^l^ffrTLDeo anjamal f e a r l e s s ne s s ( n . ) - ^(^s=rranLD anjamai f e a s t ( n . ) ; f o o d f o r gu e s t s - eSlq^^^ virunthu f e e ( n . ) ; f a r e - ffiLLsuKTLO kattanam f e e d ( v . L ) - £.swa/ ^ s r S unavu ali (- ^sSl si a, - ^s^^gi ) f e e d ( a ni m a l s ) ( v . i . ) ; s n a c k - ^ s a r thin ( gl sSr o r , g d r n ] / ) f e e l ( v . i . ) ; r e a l i z e ; r e c o g n i z e - &.em^ unar ( a. sr ar j r , s-essr ffpgi ) f e e l i ng( s ) , s e ns a t i o n( s ) - s^emffffS) unarcchi f e e t ( p i . ) - ur r ^i si <ser r pathahgal f o o t ( s i ng. ) - UfTSSLD patham f e m a l e ( n . ) ; w o m a n - QL/CW pen f e m i n i n e ( a d j . ) - QusssremLDiufTesr penmaijana f e m i n i n i t y ( n . ) - QuessremLO penmai f e m i n i n e g e n d e r ( n . ) - Qusmurreo penbal f e n c e ( n . ) - QojeSi veil f e r t i l e ( a d j . ) - enefT^LDfrear valarmana f e r t i l i t y ( n . ) - euemb valam f e s t i v a l ( n . ) ; c e l e b r a t i o n - sSliprr Vi l a r e l i g i o u s f e s t i v a l ( n . ) - ^(§aSlLprT thiruvild f e v e r ( n. ) - •xaUJ S'SFei) kaycchal, j ur am Q'or am) 58 f e w ( a d j . ) - ^ s u sila a f e w ( p e r s o ns ) - silar, fflsuGu/j" silaper a f e w ( t h i n g s ) - silaporulgal field ( e s p . p a d d y field) - a / i u s b vayal fierce ( a d j . ) - QsnTLs^iu kodiya, uiufaiscTLDiTesr payangaramdna fiercely ( a d v . ) - uujmsirjLnnai payangaramdga fierce n a t u r e ( n . ) — uiuriiap'LD payangaram fifteen ( n . o r a d j . ) - pathinainthu fifteenth ( n . o r a d j . ) - pathinainthavathu, pathinainthdm ( a d j . o n l y ) fifth ( n . o r a d j . ) - g/H^/rsi i ^ ainthdvathu, ^^^fTLD ainthdm ( a d j . o n l y ) fifty ( n . o r a d j . ) - ^LDU^ aimbathu fiftieth ( n . o r a d j . ) - ^LOU^neu^ aimbatliavathu, ^LDU^mh aimbathdm ( a d j . ) fight ( n . ) ; q u a r r e l - ffsmemL^ sandai fight ( V . ) - o^emsmL^uSI Q) sandaiyidu ff(smes)L^ QsFUJ santiai sey (- Qffiijiu, - Qffiu^) figvure ( n . ) ; f o r m - s^(§eiJLD uruvam, gp!r^@ murtthi fiU(v.t.)- rUffULf nirappu f^emp nirai Q^cinp«<s, /^c si p ^^) fill ( v . i . ) - r ^r r thq nirambu (j gl dw u, i gl pi i i i SI ) filth ( n . ) ; d i r t y l a u n d r y - ^ ( t p « ( g alukku 59 dirtiness(n.) - ^Si^^LD asutlham dirty(adj.) - ^m-0£5LDrrew asutthamana, ^(tgaanesr alukkana dirtily(adv.) - ^»^^U)/r<Sasutthamaga, ^(L^asfTS alukkSga final (n.); last; end - <KanL_S kadaisi final (adj.) - iSSsiLffliufrsisr kadaisiySna finally (adv.) - sonL-ffliurra kadaisiydga, 3;£i!)L_S)u5leokadaisiyit . finance (n.); fund; treasure- fS}^nidhi find (v.t.); invent- ssiwQiLSuf. kandupidi (-tili^-ffiffi, -lilif ^^) find (n.); invention - kandupidippu find out (v.t.); see - 3y[T<S^kan («/Tsssr,3iemr(^) fine(o.k.); yes; correct- ff/fi sari fine(o.k.); correct (adj.) - fffttiurTSST sariydna fine (detailed) (adj.); best- S«3/5^siranthu finger (n.); toe- sS\ueo viral finger (n.) - ernsi a51fT<A>kai viral finish (v.i.); cometoanend - (Lfiis^mudi ((Lpui.iu, (Lpuj-^gi) finish (v.t.); complete - (tptif, mudi ((yii4.«ffi, (ipu).^^) finished (adj.); completed - (LpLSj-eurrsur mudivSna, (LfiU)^^ mudintha fire (n.) - Qrs(f^uqneruppu, ^ihi firewood (n.) - Ei5)ff)(g viragu firm(adj.) — S-iriJ^lurresr uruthiyana firmness; hardness; certainty - S-gi]^ uruthi first (n.); beginning— (i/)fl5sb muthal, (lfiS,<son(M§i muthalavathu first (adv.) - (Lp^su/Tffi mutlialSga 60 first (adj.) - (Lp^eOfTLD muthalam fish (n.) - u?sJr mm fisherman (n.) - iSmajp' minavar fishing-boat (n.) - iSeir iSluj.U(_(g mmpldi padagu fishing-net (n.) - LSOST LSILS^. evansD minpidi valai five(n. or adj.) - gi/5as/ ainthu fix(arrange) (v.t.) - ^pfLDtTstsfl thtrmdni (g!7io/r6iifl««, ^LDirasfl^) fixed (adj.), arranged - thirmanikka-p-perra fix(repair) (v.t.) - U(y)j5/U/7/T paluthu-par (- uirfsx, - unu^^) flag (n.); vine- Qsmsj- kodi flat (adj.); smooth-r ^Ces)L-iurre!!T thattaiyana, •9^LO0GfrLnfT^ samathalamdna flatness (n.), smoothness— ^Ces)L- thattai, SFLD^etTLD samathalam flavor (n.); taste- aKsneu suvai, (f^&rusi flaw(n.); lack- (S,SS)p{un(Si) kurai(padu) flee (v.i.), runaway - (^Uf-uGufT odippo (-Guira, -GuiTili) flesh (n.); meat- ^iSDir#©iraicchi float (v.i.) - LEI^ mitha (iflas**, i&es^gi) float (v.t.) - LB^A'X snev mithakka vai (-saisusffi, - Hnoj^g/) elation(n.), euphoria— uSI^ULj mithappu flood (n.)- QeueaefTLD vellam floor (n.) - ^etnrt tharai, s^etrisi tlialam flour (n.) - Lo/ray mavu flourish (v.i.) - o5)srrjif@ vilangu (sSeniiia;, tSlmiiiSi) 61 flow (v. i . ); l eak ; d r i b b l e - 9( i P( S "L ugU {^(Lpa, ^(Lffgl) flow (as o f wat er ) (n. ) - f gL -/ ih ottam l et flow d o wn (v. t . ) •- flower (n. ), b l os s om - L D S U^ malar, y pu flu id (n. ) - 0p'L D L D n i r m a m , ^[T S UL b thiravam fly(i nsect ) (n. ) - F F I fly(v. i . ); move s wi f t l y - urr) para (upas;, up^) f og (n. ); mi s t ; d e w - uasfl pani t h i ck f og (n. ) - ( i p ( i l uasfl mudu pani f oggy (adj . ) - SP(i) uasfiiLiefrerr mOdu paniyuUa f o l l o w (v. t. ) - i5sar Qt F sb pin sel (- Qffsoeo, ~ (oi 3=&srn)])', iSlet Q^rrupi pin thodar (-Q^(n_i j -, - ffl^iTMJ ^^) f o l l o w i ng (n. ) - LSlsw eu(f ^L D pinvarum f o l l o w i ng (adj . ) - iSeirexid^Slp pinvarugira f o o l (n. ) - (y)(-Li_ / Tsfr mUttal, Lxtemi^i uei r madaiyan f o o l i s h (adj . ) - (ifiLLL^rreh^esruDrreisr muttalthanamdna, anu^^iuLDrreur paitthiyamana ('cr azy') f o o l i s h l y (adv. ) - madatthanamaga f ool i s h nes s (n. ); s t u p i d i t y- LDL^anLD madamai, LDL^^esmiM madatthanam f o o t (n. ); s t ep; b o t t o m; bas e - cS ^Uf. adi f o o t (n. ) - (ffi/ Tsb) ^is}. (kal) adi, urr^lh patham f o o t (n. ); l eg; qu ar t er (1/ 4) - Sf rsb Ml f o r (conj . ); s i nce, b ec a u s e- aga, i^jQesisisripiTtso enenral 6 2 f or ce (n. ); s t r engt h - u s O i i ) balam f o r c ef u l (adj . ); s t r ong - uevLDrreiST balamana f o r c ef u l l y (adv. ); s t r o n g l y- USOLD/ TiSS balamaga f or ce (n. ), mi gh t , p o w e r - eijeSlas)LD valimai f o r c ef u l (adj . ), p o w e r f u l - OJ eSIanLDluiTesr valimaiyana f o r c ef u l l y (adv. ), p o wer f u l l y - O J QSSW L D I U / T I B valimaiyaga f o r ei gn (adj . ) - ^iueo ayal, QeueM veli, ^^^UJ luneir anniyamdna f o r ei gn c o u nt r y (n. ) - ^lUeOfBirQl ayal-nadu, Qsiys»S/ 5ff(51 veli-nMu f or ei gner (s ) (n. ) - ^iueo!BrTiL(S)s;£i;rrprpr ayalnattukkarar, velirmttukkSrar f o r ei gn (adj . ); ext er nal - QojsrS veli, ^^rilujLDlTGisr anniyamana f o r es t (u ni nh a b i t ed l a nd ) (u . ) - sf r Qi kddu f o r ever (adv. ) — sTssrnj/ Lb ennim a l wa ys (adv. ); wh enever - eruQuirgjiM eppothum, toTuQufTQ^i^lh eppoluthum f o r get ( v . t ) - LD/ D mara (i Mpa s, w p^gi) f o r get f u l (adj . ) - w ip^iunesT marathiyana f or get f u l nes s (n. ) - - LDp^ marathi f o r get f u l p er s o n (n. ) — inp^aaiaij^ marathikkarar f o r gi v e ( v . t ) - i i j si rssf l manni f o r gi v e ( v . t ) - Loe5Tfflifl^a5;a5)(5) mannitthuvidu (-aSL_, -n5)L.S)) f or gi venes s (n. ) — LDsirssfluLf mannippu f o r gi v e [mi s t ak e-t ol er at e] - (^i ppL D Quf T gu kurram poru (- Q u nj yA s , - Quni^^gi) f o r k (n. ) - ffiQJ (i) kavadu 6 3 form(n.); image- s_((5SULb uruvam, (Lp^^^ murtthi former (adj.) - (LpsJ r inun, (Lp^^lU munthiya formerly; infront of - (Lpasr mun, (LpesTLj munbu, (LpanQesT munne, (LpesrssTfTSO murmal, (LpemssrnQeo munnale forty(n. or adj.) - rSfrpugl rmrpathu fortieth(n. or adj.) — rsrripu^fTeiJ^ narpathavathu, fSfTpu^fTLD narpatlmm (adj. only) forward(adj.) - (LpanQeu munne, (LpasjQssmsSliu munnokkiya forward(adv.) - QposiQesmsiSl munndkki fom: (n. or adj.) - (Bireir^g nangu fourth(n. or adj.) - fgrrcirasfTaj^ nSngavathu, rsirdsTsmli nangam (adj.) fourteen(n. or adj.) - U^n5fT£sr@ pathinangu fourteenth(n. or adj.) - pathirmngdvathu, pathinangSm (adj. only) free(independent) (adj.) - suthanthiramana freely(independently) (adv.) — suthanthiramaga freedom(independence) (n.) - •K^^^pTlh suthanthiram free(of cost) (adj.) - ^ei)aja={L£>rresr) ilavasa(jnuna) freely(without cost) (adv.) - ^evojffLDfT'X ilavasamdga freedom(fromcost) (n.) - ^SDSi/ffii ilavasam freedom(liberation) (n.) - eSiQt^emso viduthalai fresh(adj.); green; cool — Lls=e!!)£F pacchai 64 fresh(adj.), new- Lf^iu purhlya, LDtiiarf^ mangdtha Friday; Venus(planet) - QeusfrsyS velli Friday(n.) - QajefrefHaSlLpeiMis vellikkilamai friend(f.) - ^GrsSl^ sinegithi, Gssnrifi tholi friend(m.) - S)QrsSl^eir sinegithan, G^lTLpeir tholan, rgsssruesr nanban, Qpg^eir nesan friendship(n.) - ^GfBSLD sinegam, G^rrLpemLD thdlamai, rSL-L-l natpu, Grsd'LD nesam fright (n.), terror- UUJLD payam, uaJ ISJ srrLD payahgaram frighten(v.t.), terrify- utU(LpgU^^ payamurutthu frightful (adj.) - uiuiiiaijwneisr payahgaramana frightfully(adv.) - UlUlilSilTLDITS payahgaramdga befrightened(v.i.) - ^QiS,S\®thidukkidu 0(Si«g)i_, @®i«g)il0) frog(n.) - ^ajsnsrr thavalai from(prep.) — -^(§^§1-inmthu, -idatthirunthu, -idatthilinmthu front(n.) - (LpemLjpLD munpuram, (LpasiuaiSiUi munpakkam front end(n.) — (y)S3ru«<BLQmunpakkam frown(v.i.); wrinWe- «(T5/i/@surungu (ffiOiaa, ^(gis/S) fruit (ripe) (n.) - ULfiLD palam fuel (n.) - eTl?lQurT(§erT erlporul 65 fulfilment (n.) - i§las)peijniraivu fuU(adjO- f ^ <oS)n) ^ S5 niraintha befuU(v.i.) - (ilanpnirai fun(n.); game- eSlmeaiuniLQt vilaiyattu function(n.); performance - fflsyis:^ nigalcchi funeral; death[Spk. Tam.] - ffireif sdvu furious(adj.), fierce— Qmms^ujkodiya further (distance) (adv.) - athigadhuratthiluUa further (moreover) (adv.) - QlSieoiLD melum furthermore(adv.) - ^sirOTy/i innum future(n.) - ST^j'ffi/rsuiii ethirkalam future(adj.) - sr^^srreo ethirkala futurity (n.); opposite- ethir, ffr^Grr ethire G gain(n.); profit- eviTUlM labam gainaprofit (v.); profit— eorrULD QuguIdbam pent (-Qufo, - Qupn^i) gain(v.L); profit; get - Qugj pent (Glup, Qupgu) game(n.); fun - eSlemerriumLQ) vilaiyattu garden(n.) - (S^ff"lli_U) thottam gardener (n.) - thottakkaran garland(n.); evening(p.m.) - LD[Tas)&> malai flower garland(n.) - y LDrrsmev pu malai garland(s.o., sth.) (v.t.) - LDiremsv GunQi malai podu (- C«un-i_, - Gu/TL.®) gas(air, steam, etc.) - OjfTlLj vdyu, ^eSl avi gate(n.)- ajiTS^sc vasal, eurruSleosssei/ vayil kathavu 66 gather (v.t.); collect — ^!jC® thirattu Oo-Ci-, @£nli4.) gecko(wall lizard) (n.) - ueceSl palli gem(n.) - Cr^^eSTLD ratthinam, [j^^emsseo raithina-k-kal general (adj.); usual - Qun^'sijrTesT pothuvana generation(n.); tradition - urfLDUemp' parambarai gentle(adj.) — QiD^euiTssr methuvana get (v.); receive- QugUperu (Qup, Qu/pgy) get (v.t.); obtain- ^emi-^ adai get (v.t); buy; receive- surr^fg vahgu (euaiiia, ajmiiSl] get do>vn(v.i.); descend - ^ff3E/@ irangu (g)53E;«, ^piiiSi) bringdown(v.t.) - irakku (@(D««, g)p«ffi) get on(toabus, etc.) (v.i.) - ^gjj eru(^rp, ?7j5)) get up(v.i.); awake- eT(Lpeht {sTLp, ^(ig^Sl) get up(fromresting) (v.i.) - ST(y);5@(5 elunlhiru (-g)@««,-g)(!5!5S/) makeget up(v.t.) ~ eT(LpULj eluppu (s7(y)UU, eiQ^uiS) ghee(clarifiedbutter) - QrsuJ ney gift(n.)- ,^GBTUSIS)L;L/ anbalippu, Q«/TisinL_ kodai, Ulfis? parisu ginger (n.) - ^(^^ inji girl (n.); woman - Quern pen, QueisnS\ehes)efT penpillai give(v.t.); giveaway - Qsn®kodu give(v.t.) - ^fT tha(asiJ.^iSS/) give(v.t.); offer; render- cS/sifl ali (^siSffi65, ^sS^gj) 67 glass(n.); eyeglasses; mirror- sememrn^ kannSdi glass(tumbler) (n.) - i_tbs)T/j' tamlar glow(v.i.); burn; beangry - sr/Seri (si/fliu, m/ii^§i) go(v.i.) - Qun pd(GurTm,Guiriu) go(v.i.); follow- Qffeosel (Q«UEu, Qffeirgii) goal (aim) (n.) - (seyaljndkkam goat (n.) - ^® Sdu, QsuerrefTa(S>velladu God(n.) - c ^swL-QJ / r andavar, ffiLsi^srr kadavul, ^enpeusJ r imivan going(n.); practice; habit - Gurrs(^pokku gold(n.) - QufTek pon, ^ISJSLD tlmngam good(adj.) - /jsbsu nalla agoodthing(n.) - /gsbsu^ nallathu nicely(adv.); well - /5sa7(g nangu, fSasTpirai nanraga goodman(n.) - /gsbsusi/sJT nallavan goodness(n.) - flSsirsnLD nanmai goodbye; greetings - ffiUSsWcScffiLb vanakkam goodbye("I'll go&come.") - Gurnu eii(§SlGpeiT. 'Pay varugiren.' ("We'll goandcome.") - Gurnu eiJ(§SGprTLD. 'Poyvarugirom.' ("Goandcome.") — GurnueurT(§ii]3ie}r. 'Pay varungal.' goods(n.); possession(s) - ffrrmrreir sSman goods; meaning; matter - G)urr(§isrr porul government (n.) - ^rferrrisisih arasangam govt (n.); kingdom- c^/7» arasu 68 govern(v.t.) - ^LL& Qs=lij atchi sey (- Qffo/iu, - Qfftij^) government; administration - ^tl.® atchi grab(v.L); catch - iStS^pidi (LSIuf-am, LSUI.$^) gradual (adj.), 'stepbystep' - uiJi.uuLii.ujrrevr padippadiydna grain(paddy, etc.) (n.) - ^rresfluJLD dhaniyam grandchild(n.) - Gurrs(gLp^e!n^ perakkulanthai granddaughter (n.) - G u 0 ^ petthi grandfather (n.) - ^ns,^n thattha, urTL.i—esrrrp' pattanar grandmother (n.) - urriLisi. patti, umLLSj-iurrp^p&ttiyar grandson(n.) - Guijasr peran grape(s) (n.) - ^irmLanff thiratchai grass(n.) - Lfeo pul gray(ashcolor) (n. or adj.) - s^rriau eo (r^piii) sdmbal (niram) graze (v.i.) - (BLDIU mey{Gwiu, Giadj^sj) great (adj.); important; big - Qutfliu periya greatness(n.); nobleness - Qu (r^ss)U> perumai green(adj.); fresh - U3=es)ff pacchai greetings; goodbye - euemssiLD vanakkam grief (n.); suffering - ^AaLD dhukkam grind(v.t.) - ^emrj arai ground; agricultural land - 0)eULD nilam group(n.) - ©(y ki'iji, G)^/7(g@thoguthi grow(v.i.) - euenir valar (suffltrp-, ajen)^§l) 69 gr ow (make grow) (v . t . ) - si/srr/7 val ar g r owt h (nO - euerrp'ff^ valamhi guar d (n. ) - s;aey<A){afTi:rp') kaval (kar ar ) guar d ( v x ) - afTUunpgU kappar r u {siTuuiTpp, aiTU uir p^) gui de (v . L) - euifisimLQi valikattu i-mmLu, -arrCui.) gui de (n. ) - euiflaaiLLq. mlikatti gui l t (n. ) - (gppL D kur r am gui l t y (adj. ) - (gppQfierrerr kur mmul l a, (gj PpL DTTasi kur r amana gui l t y pers on (n. ) - kur r amul l avan H habi t (n. ); cus t om - val akkam (pal akkam) habi t (n. ); pract i ce; goi n g - GurrsiQ pokku h a i r ( of t he body ) (n. ) - LDuSliX mayir h a i r ( of t he head) (n. ) - (Lpt ^. mudi h a l f (n . ); wa i s t - cj y s n f r arai h a l f (n. ) - Uf r @ pdthi hal v e (v . t . ) - ^as^r r iU fT3i(Q araiyakku urr^ujns(g pathiydkku (- ^«f f i , - ^ d j g ) ) h al l ( n . ) ; l arge r oom - «v ( _t i kudam h a n d (n . ); arm - S! n« kai han g (v . t . ) ; suspend - Q^nmJs;eS}(pi thongavidu ( - a S l L - , - S I S L . ® ) han g (be suspended) (v . i . ) - Q^nai(^ thohgu han g (execut e) (v . t . ) - ^ «S ) s i 5 ) ( 5 ) thukkilidu (-g)L., - ©L - f i l ) ; gjjsSlsoQuiTQi thUkkilpodu 70 happen ( v . i . ) ; behave; waHc - nada fj5i—s,m, /si - i sja) happen ( v . i . ) ; t ake pl ace - fSes)L -Qu^ na4aipent happen ( v . i . ) ; o c c u r - ffCaueSl sambavi (<yu3U€i5)<5<gs, 3=L bue)Sl^^) happen i n g (n . ) ; occurrence - s^L OU &J L O sambavam happi n es s ( n . ) ; j o y , del i ght - g j s a r U L O inbam, LDS )y 3#© magilcchi be h appy (v . i . ) - LDS)yi magil ( mg l L p , L oS y j j Bg / ) happUy (adv . ) - santhoshamaga happi n es s ( n . ) ; pl easure - aTJCS^/rsi ^i i santhosham h appy (adj . ) - santhoshamana, magilcchiydna hardn es s ( n . ) ; firmness - s^giJ^ urulhi h a r d (opp. t o s of t ) - a^sr u^tuir em unithiyana, (L pp-l _ fTesr mur adana h a r m (n. ) - ^onL D thl mai, thl ngu h a r m (v . t . ) - Qs=iu thmgu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Q iF iugi) h a r mf u l (adj . ); cruel - ^Q yiL DiL f&TStT thl inaiyul l a har ml es s (adj. ) - ^emL Dl upp thl maiyar r a h a r s h (adj . ) - Qsms^iU kodiya hars hn es s ( n . ) ; sternness - sQ iesiL D kadmnai has t e (n . ) ; emergency — ^euffrxih avasaram has t en (v . i . ) - avasar appadu ( - ui _, -uiL CSi) h a t (n . ) - Q^mliiSI thoppi hat e ( v . t . ) ; di s l i ke - Qevgu ver u 71 hate ( n. ) , hat r ed - Qeuguuq veruppu have (v. ) - QmnefT kol {Qsnenm, Qsineisr®) he [that man) (pron. ) — S'/eysir avan, ^s u / j " avar ( pol i te) , ^euirs^en avargal ( pol . +) he (this man) - ^ eu s s r ivan, ^ Q j j j ivar ( pol i te) , ^eup-aerr ivargal {pol.+) he hi ms e l f - avane than ( f am. ) , avare thain ( pol . ) head ( of physi cal body) (n. ) — ^s ms u thalai head (leader) (a. ) - ^smeueup' thalaivar headache (n. ) - ^anevei i sSl thal ai val i headquar ter s (n. ) - thalaimai aluvalagam heal ( v. i . ) ; cal m do wn - heal t h ( n. ) - WffiLD sugam, (giSmih gunam heal t hy (adj . ) - ffrSiLDtTaST siigamana, ^QrxfrQujLDrTesr arokiyamana hear ( v. t . ) , l i sten; ask - Gserr kel ( Gai l a, daC.®) hear t ( anatomi cal ) (n. ) - § ) ®^ I U£i ( g) ^UJLb) iruthayam (ithayam) hear t h ( n. ) - ^Qiljq aduppu heat ( hi gh temp. ) ( n. ) - t^Qi sildu, Qeuuuih veppam get heat ed ( v. i . ) , get ho t - siidu (mi-, »L-gl) sun' s heat ( n. ) - G)euu5)iA> veyil heavi ness ( n. ) - ffiswii ganam heavy (adj . ) - SiesT^^ ganattha, s&STLDlTeiST ganamana heavi l y ( adv. ) — ur ftfL nr r ai baramaga 72 heavy l o ad ( n. ) - UlTCriii baram heed ( n. ) ; care - aojesTLD kavanam hei ght ( n. ) - a^l ur X L D uyaram hei ght en ( v. t. ) - s-iup^^ uyartthu heUo! - si;<S55r<Ba5Lb vanakkam hel p ( n. ) ; assistance - S-^eS} uthavi hel p ( v. t. ) - a_^ffl5) Q3=iu uthavi sey (- Glfftuiu, - Qs=fug^) hel p f u l ( a d j . ) - upayogamana hel p ( n. ) , assistant - gjenestsT thunai hence ( f r o m n o w on) - ippothilirunthu hence ( f r o m here) - ^ I S J S I Q ^ ^ ^ ihgirunthu hence ( therefore) - ^emmiurreo agaiyal her ( pr on. ) ( f ami l i ar ) — ^euemen aval ai ( ace) , ^ 6 i / ( g 5 < 5 5 @ aval ukku ( daL) her ( pr on. ) ( pol i te) — ^exi amp' avar ai ( ace) , c?i/si/(T5<B(g avar ukku (dat. ) her (possessi ve) ( f am. ) - cg>/sU(Si [5£!0L_(U aval udai ya her (possess.) ( pol i te) - ^eii(f^einL_ aj avar udai ya her e ( adv. ) - ^i sK Ss i nge her e! ( l ook here!) - g)G^/r i tho her e! (take i t ! ) - ^^^fTQ^lilsen' i nthar ungal her eaf t er ( adv. ) ; hen c ef o r t h- ^esfl i ni , ^ S B A C S L D S I ) i ni mel her eby ( adv. ) - ^ ^ s w/ T s b i thanal her ewi t h ( adv. ) - ^^OT5yi _esr i thanudan her o ( n. ) ; s o l d i e r - aSj X ei r vl r an her o i n e ( n. ) ; wo man w a r r i o r - eSiruQuimr vl r appen, aStX H l SJ aanssr vi r anganai 73 heroism(n.) - eSfTLD viram heroic(adj.) - eSlJ LEifTssT viramdna herself (pron.) (familiar) - ^suQm male, E S T thane herself (pron.) (poUte) - ^euQrj avare hide(skin) (n.); leather- Q^neo thol hide(v.t); makedisappear- LoanjD marai behidden(v.i.); disappear - jLoan/j) marai (mempiu, ms^fo^^) high(adv.); far up— a_iu(sjr uyare high (adj.)- &.ujpr uyar, a_lu/T/5^ uyamtha, 2_UJ(TLDfr«5r icyaramSna highlevel (n.) - S-lLip' fflsjisu uyar nilai high; west; above - GLDA) mil, GLDGSU mele, QiBeonm melana highway(n.); road— WSiDSW salai, G}/5(S)(^a=^/rsinsy nedunjalai hill (n.) - iosDSU malai, (gsarptb kunram him(pron.) (familiar) - ^euanasT avanai (ace), ^gl/sg);a5(g avanukku (dat.) him(pron.) (polite) - ^eyaniT avarai (ace), ^eii(t^S(^ avarukku (dat.) himself (reflex.) (fam.) - ^GUQGST avane, s^nQasT thane himself (reflex.) (polite) — ^ajQp' avare hip(n.); waist- g)(J)Ui_/ iduppu his(possessive) - avanudaiya (fam.), avarudaiya (pol.) history(n.)- surysfTfT^ varalSru hit (v.t.) - 0nQ 74 hold(keepinhand) (v.t.) - (iiii4.ffiffi, iSli4.0gi) hold(n.) - iSut-Uq pidippu holiday(n.) - e)S}Qi(tpeinp(jsrreiT) vidumurai (nal) holy; 'Mr.' - ^(55 thiru home(n.), house - a)7(p vfrfw hometown(n.); village; city - aarjr wr, Q3=rT^0 amfr sontha ur honest (adj.); straight— G^/T ner, GrsprenLDiurresT nermaiydna honesty(n.); straightness— Grgp'SsiLO nermai honey(n.) - (S^m then honeybee(n.) - Gassjf thenl honor (n.); adegree, diploma— ULLI^LD pattam honor (v.L) — perumaippadutthu (o)«srr£ra5) gauravi {QgicnijeSlms, QffiswjraS^sjj) honorary (adj.) - QaenijeiJ gaurava honorable(adj.) - gauravamikka, QsierrtTGULDiTeisT gauravamana honorably (adv.) - QxerrpreuLDiTs; gauravamaga hope(v.t), believe - /StJDL/ nambu Qcwu, rswiS) hope(n.); belief; confidence - [SmiSI<sein<s nambikkai horn(animal's) (n.) - QstTiMq kombu horrible(adj.) - uvJ i i i a^LCirrstsT payangaramana horror (n.) - QuQ^lhutULb perumbayam horse(n.) - @@«!n/r kuthirai 75 hospi tal (n.) - ^ervu00ll^ asbatthiri, LDQ^^^eiiLDemesT marutthuvamanai hot (spi cey) (adj .) - surrTLDfTesr karamana spi ci ness (n.), pungency - s/TjTib karam hot (temp. - not weather) - @(5) sudu, (S^L^nasr sudana hot & humi d (weather, etc.), sul tri ness (n.) - LfQ^ssiLO pulukkam hour (of day); bel l ; gem - LDSBJifl mani one hour (of ti me) - oru rimni neram house (n.) - a3(St vldu how? (by what means?) - STUUUi. eppadi, erasssr/TSU ethanal how (way i n whi ch) - Qs:iU(Lpeinro seymurai how many? - eT0^es)ssr etthanai so many - er^^anesiQiurr etthanaiyo how much? - STsi/susffo/ evvalavu so much, a l ot - 'oTsLtsiHon^Gurr ewalavd however (i n whatever manner) - sTuuis^iunSlepiih eppadiyagilum however ; even though - ^esm^LD andlum huge (adj .) — iSsiuQufftuj miga-p-periya human [of men] (adj .) - LDOsFl^ manitha, manithanukkuriya humani t y (n.) - manitha inam humi l i ate (v.t.) - s,fTifi0^ thaltthu humor (n.) - rSS!n<S3=SH^aj nagaicchuvai hundr ed (n. or adj .) - ^gll nuru 76 hundr edt h (n. or adj .) - §Ifp[TeJg] nuravathu, girprrLD n«ra; n (adj . onl y) hi mger (n.) - uff} pasi be hungr y (v.i .), fami shed - pasi {uSiam, uSi^gi) hungr y (adj .) - u^lLjehefr pasiyulla hunt (ani mal s, etc.) (v.t.) - G)«i/L_sini_lUfr(S) vettaiyadu ( - ^( _ , -^Uf.) ht mt (search for) (v.t.) - Q^m-UUrrp thedippar hi mter (n.) - vettaikkaran, GeuQlOjeir veduvan hur l ( v. t) ; throw, toss - hur r i ed (adj .) — ^eus'p'LDrrssr avasaramana, GeusLDfTstsr vegamana hur r i edl y (adv.) - ^aj3=!X^^eo avasaratthil, QeasLDns vegamaga, 9aiStiXLDrrsi slkkiramdga hur r y (n.), haste; emergency - ^euffp'lh avasaram, GeuiULD vegain, ^sSlfXLO sikkiram hur r y (v.i .); berash - avasarappadu (-ui _, - ui l ®) hur r y up (someone) (v.t.) - avasarappadutthu {.-u®00, -u(Si0^) hur t (v.t.) - ^E / @ Q<3=UJ thlfigu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qffdj^i) hur t (ache) (v.i .) - Grsn no {Grsrra, Grsrr^^) husband (n.) - ffiSBJsrsilisir kanavan, vlttu-k-karan I I (pron.) - rsnasT nan i dea (n.); thought; opi ni on- • 5 ®^^ karutthu, sTSSsrsssni ennam 77 idol (n.); shape; image; form- gpjT^^ murtthi if (conj.); if saidso - (^rehroiTeo enrol, ^esmso anal if so- appadiyanal ignorance(n.); innocence- Qa/CTTfflnsrr vellai ignorance(n.) - ^^iLitTonLD ariyamai . ignorant (adj.) - ^l^iunes ariyatha ill (adj.); indisposed - ^gi&Sliu asukkiya iUness(n.); disease - QfBfTUj noy illumination(n.); lamp - si5)«Tr65(gvilakku image(n.); shape, form; idol - gpjT^^ murtthi imagination; inventiveness— ai)Umesr karpana! imagine(v.L); keep - vaitthukkol (-QafTOTOT, -Q«/TKsir(jl); imagine(v.) - karpanai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qa^iu^y, ennippdr (-unffoa, -un^^gi) imitate(v.t.) - LSleirupiru pinparru (ijJrirupj), iSmuf)^) immaturity; youth; tenderness - ^CfremLD ilamai immediate(adj.) - udanadiyana immediately(adv.); right after- ^L-QGST tidane impatience(n.); irritation - ^0^rTLD atthiram impatient (adj.) - ^ai^rjLDrresr atthiramana impatiently(adv.) - ^^^[TLDrrs dtthiramaga importance(n.); primarything— (Lps&lULD mukkiyam important (adj.); big - (Lp«S)uj(u)n'(Sw) mukkiya(mana), QufHiu periya 78 improve(v.) - munnerrappadutthu improvement (n.); reform- (ipenQestpipLn munnerram in(prep.) - -^so -il, s^ehGenulle inorder to, sothat — ULSj. padi incident (n.) - f&ay>S=^nigalcchi incite(v.t.) - ^em(^ thundu include(v.t.) - s_srTsrn_«@uUadakku (-^(_«ffi, -,^i_«g)); semthukkol (-Qffiffsirsrr, -QarrmstQ!) income(n.) — euq^LDfT'SSTLD varumanam increase(v.); ascend; climb - sjffyerui^p, ^rSI) increase(v.i.); muldply- Qu(r^(Q perugu {Qu([^s, Qu®^); LSI(Q migu {iBs, LBI(^0gi) increase(v.t); multiply - Qu(§a(Qperukku independence(n.) - sutlianthiram independent (adj.) - suthanthiramana independence(freedom) (n.) - Q5)(51^ensu viduthalai industry; work; occupation - tholil(thurai) influence(v.t.) — Qa^eoeurrssisfil selvakkali (-<^6i9««, -^sfH^gi) influence(n.) - Qc?aba//r<B@selvSkku inform(v.t.); armounce— Q^/fla5) therivi (6)^/fla5)ffiffi, Q^ifleSl^gi); ^|)5)«l5?arivi information(n.) - Qffiu^ seythi injure(v.t.); harm- ^/E/(gQsFlU thlngusey (- Qfftiiiu, - Qffiu^); 79 k eduthal sey i n j u r y (n.) - ^an U ) thi mai , Qffi (5)@ k eduthi i n hal e ( v . t . ) ; p u l l , dr a g- - g)(y> ' I " i n k (n. ) - en i n i n ai i n n ocen ce ( n . ) ; i gn or an ce- Qeuen men vel l ai i n n ocen ce (n.) - k ur r amar r athai i mai i n n ocen t (adj . ) - (e^ppL app k ur r amar r a i n ocu l at e (v. t . ) - usi podu (- G u ffi _ , - G u ffi l ©) i n ocu l at i on ( n . ) ; n eedl e- sssS\ i n san e (adj . ) - an u^^i u pai tthi ya i n san e p er son (n . ) — pai tthi yak ar an ( m. ) . pai tthi yak Sr i ( f. ) i n san i t j ' (n . ) - pai tthi yam i n sect (n . ) - y # © pucchi i n si de, w i t h i n (space) - a-sfr ut, a_ sK Bsw uU e i n spect ( v. t . ) — GsF f T ^ sothi (Cff/7g««, G i f n ^^g i ) i n st a l l ( v . t . ) ; con st r u ct - . ^sn i M amai i n st a l l ( v . t . ) ; est abl i sh - er v^r T L S sthabi (au^/r tSffi «, av0i r L S^g i ) i n st ead (adv. ) - U ^SDn a pathi l ag a i n st ead o f - u^<so pathi l i n st i t u t i on ( n . ) ; est abl i sh men t - ^emi MU L j amai ppu, r Sg tl OJ esT L D n i r uvan am i n s t r u men t ( n . ) ; t ool ; weapon — r ^l L j ^L o ayutham SO i n su ffi ci en cy (n.) - ( gsn p ffcy sb k u r a i c c h a l \ t (adj . ) - (ganffj ffffsun'si sr k ur ai cchal Sn a I (^an p^^ k ur ai n tha, j U 00r r ^ patthathu I i n su ffi ci en t l y (adv. ) - (^emptF f f euf T s; k umi ccl ml dg a i n su l t ( v. t ) - ! ^a/ui 0 avamathi T i n su l t (n.) - ^euL D^U L j avamathi ppu i n t el l i gen ce (n.); k n ow l ed ge- ^n 5^ei j ar i vu i n t el l i gen t ; k n owl edgeabl e - ^n Sl ei ^en er r ar i vul j a i n t en se (adj . ) - $aSl [r t h i v i r a , ^eSI p'L Df T esT thi vi r aman a i n t en si t y (n.); r adi cal i sm - ^eSl l j L D thi vi r am i n t en si t y (n.); s p eed - G si /a L D veg am i n t en sel y ( adv. ) ; qu i ck l y - GeusL Df T Si veg amag a i n t en t i on (n .); t h ou gh t - er emsssr u) en n am i n t er est ( n . ) ; en t hu si asm - c^^/T Sl /L O ar vam i n t er fer en ce ( n . ) ; i n t er r u pt i on - (ggy<S®(i)^(5b k ur uk k i duthal , (gffy<S5S(5) k ur uk k i du i n t er fer e ( v . t . ) ; i n t er r u pt - @g!/«S)(5) k ur uk k i du ((g2V«©i_, ©f f y«©L . ®) i n t er v a l ( n . ) ; mi ddl e — ^esi L - i dai i n t er v en e ( v. t . ) - (^g U dQQi k ur uk k i du ( ( ga/ffl Si _ , ggi /ffi ®!!®) i n t er v en t i on (n . ) - @ffy<55S(5) k ur uk k i du i n t r od u ct i on (n . ) - ^^( L p si L b ar i mug am i n v ade ( v. t . ) - usn i — ST(5) padai edu (- ffr®ffi ffi , - E T ®^^) i n v asi on (n . ) - uesi L -Qi uQi U L i padai yeduppu i n v en t ( v . t . ) ; di scov er - •xemQi L Sl u^ k an dupi di (-L 5)i^«a;, -i Si f^as;) i n v en t i on ( n . ) ; di scover y — k ar i dupi di ppu 81 investigate(v.t.) - ^rrrriu aray investigation(n.); research- ^[rrriU3:& Sraycchi investigation(n.) - eSlffrTjjen^emvisaranai investigate(v.t.) - e&fffrri'msmGisFiu visaranai sey (- Q01UIU, - QffiLi^); tsSlffirfU visari invitation(n.) - ^emLpULj a[aippu invite(v.t.) - ^stnip alai (^raiyjds*, ^mLpfi^) iron(n.) - ^ ( T j i i L / irumbu irritation(n.); impatience - ^^^rrih atthiram irritation(n.); bumsensation - &T/fl#ffsb ericclial irritate(v.t.) - ST/f l #f f syf f i l (51 ericchaluttu (-aanlL, -ssniLiSf.) is, exists(v.i.) - a_sw( 5) un4u(only form) island(n.) — ^sy th'ivu issue(of publication); vol. - u^uq pathippu, eSlajsnnijUi vivahSram beissued(v.i.); bebom- iStp pirn {iSpsa, iSlp^gj) it, that (thing) (pron.) - athii it, this(thing) (pron.) - ^gl ithu J jackal (n.) - rsii\ jail (n.) - sirai( cchalai) jasmine(n.) - LoeoeSlsmsa malligai "Arabian" jasmine(n.) - (ipsbsinsi) mullai jealousy(n.), envy - Qurrprrs^nLD pordmai jewel (n.); gem- Loessfl mani, [T^^asrLD ratthinam jewelry(n.); ornament- /5C!n65(«sfr)nagai(gal) 82 job(n.) - Gexiemev velai join(v.i.); unite; collect- 9n.Qt kudu (*.!_, «i ^.) join(v.t.); unite; collect- Qa^ir ser {Qsvsm, Gsi^) join(with) (v.i.); unite(with) - s^siwyGa=/j onruser (- G/fp-aa, - e*jj5^) joke(n.) - G<BSi5) mi joker (n.) - Q&nian'sRt komdli journey(n.); travel - LSlcrturremLD {uiuemiM) piraydnam(payanam) journey(v.i.) - lil/riu/T-sssTLb (uttjsranb)Qa^iu pirydnam(payanam) sey (- Gifftiiiu, - Giffiugi) joy(n.); happiness - ^ssruii inbam, LoSlljpff^ magilcchi joyful (adj.) - magilcchiydna joyfully(adv.) - magilcchiydga judge(n.) - $0u^ nithipathi judge(v.t.) - ^^uueffl thirppali (-,jV6r9««, -^eUl^gi) judgment (n.) - §,UULl thtrppu jiimp(v.i.); leap— kuthi ((g^««,<Q^^§i)\ UfTlil pay {uniu; uniu^gi) junction(n.); crossing— 5T5P(L!/L/) santhi(ppu) jungle(n.), forest - ((-/^/r)«/r(5) (puthar)kadu, eiiasTLD vanam just (because), noparticular reason— stLDLDrT summa just (only) (adv.) - L 0 i l ( 5)U) mattum just (right, lawful) (adj.) - Gns/T ner, G/Hjr/rew nerdna justice(n.)— (gp nXthi K keep(v.t.); imagine, suppose - eineiiaigj'xQaiTerr vaiithukkol 83 key (n.) - fffTeSl savi ki ck (v.L) - a_s!n^ uthai (B/rsU/rd) a_S5i ^ kalal uthai (- S-eS)0^, - i L.6S}^^) ki ck (n.) - ki U (v.t.) - Qsrr&i kol ki l l (v.t.); rui n - Q^rremeo tholai (Q^n-sKisuffl ffi, Gl^i rsnsv0^) be ki l l ed (v.i .); be rui ned- Q^fToneo tholai (Q^/rcnsui u, Q^/rffl neu^^) ki nd (n.), sort, cl ass - ^esnh inam ki nd, sort; manner; portion - QjsmiB vagal ki nd (gentle) (adj.) - ^rysxinrrem irakkamana ki nd (adj.); friendl y - ^asTUrresr anbdna ki ndness (n.) - ^sJ T L / anbu k i ng (n.) - ^ffffeir arasan, tjrr^rr raja, LoeirasTssT mannan ki ngdom (n.) - ^Cr<s^ arasu, prr^iULo rajyam ki ss (v.t.) - (LP ^^LS Q) mutthamldu ( - g ) L , - g ) L ®) ki ss (n.) - (Lp^^lh muttham ki tchen (n.) — ffemLDiuso ^anp samalyal ami ki te (pl aything) (n.) - ui Ll—LD pattam kni fe (n.) - katthi knot (v.t.) - (Lptjj. mudi Qfiis^ Qua® mudipodu (- G u/n_, - QunCtS i) knot (n.) - (Lfiis^ffa- mudicchu k now (v.t.); understand- •S ^n^ ari {^fUm, ^id^gi) know (pred.), understand - L/ffl tt/i i puriyum don't k now (pred.) - LjlfliUfT^ puriyathu knowl edge (n.) — <^j75)si/ arivu know (v.); know how to - Q^lfl theri (Q^iSiu, Q^ffl j s^); Q^lfliLlLD theriyum {pied.} don't know - Qfil^turr^ theriyathu L l abor (n.) - S -anLpULJ ulaippu Labor (n.); workers - Q^rTi fl eonefri r tholilalar l ack (n.); fl aw - (gemp kurai l ack (pred.) - ^ia)S5)su illai l adder (n.) - STSiSsfl enl l ake; tank (man-made l ake) - ^/ f l eri, @srrii> kuhm l ak h (100,000) (n. or adj.) - sui l ffLO latcham l amp (n.); il l umination - Q SI ST T C BQ vilakku l and (agric.) (n.); ground - r§etiLh nilam l anguage (n.); sayi ng; word - QlMfTlfi molt l ap (n.) - LDLq. madi l arge (adj.); important - Quifluj periya l ast (n.); final; end- ffiSJDi—ffl kadaisi l ast (at l ast) - ^gU^^lJ S leo) iruthi(yil) l ast (to continue) (v.) - 0Lq. nidi (jSifffias, fui.0gi) l ast (to wear wel l ) (v.i .) - a_s!r)y) ulai (i l _ SSl Lpf f i «, i L.SS\ Lp^§ ]) l ate (adj .); del ayed - L S I ^^I U pinthiya, ^fTLD^LDiretrr thamathamana l atel y (adv.) - 3=LS u^^eO samibatthil l atri ne (n.) - d5«aii.sfu kakkus l augh (v.i .); smi l e- &lfl siri (g)/flffl«, ffl/fl^^) 85 laughter (n.); smile- QfHuLf sirippu law (n.); rule- fflLu-lh sattam lawful (adj.) - ffiLL-LD Ltfl'suLDaesr sattam-purvamdna lawj'er (n.) - vakkit (vakkil) lazybones (a lazy person) - Qs^fTLoQuf^ somberi lead (show the way) (v.t.) - OJifisfTlLQ valikattu lead (control; go first) (v.t.) - (Lpsir flffsi) mun chel (- Qffebcti, - (olffsjrgi;) leaf (of a plant) (n.) - ^s ns u ilai leap (v.i.); jump - urnu pay {uiTtu, uiTiu^gi); kuthi ((gg)d5«, (s^^sj) leap (n.);jump- umiiffs^eo paycchal, @@ kuthi learn (v.t.); study - «sb kal {apx, apgu) learn (v.t.) - spgi]<sQsirreir karrukkol {-Qauarar., -Q«/Tsrar®) learned (adj.) - spfog^^^ karrarintha learning (n.); study - ffisboS kalvi leather (n.); hide; skin - Gs^rrso thai leave (v.t.); let go - a5)(il vidu {eSlL_, eSliL&) left (side) (n. or adj.) - ^l—SI idathu left side (n.) - ^l—gll USSLD idathu pakkam leg (n.); foot; quarter (1/4) - arrsb kdl legal (adj.) - sattan-jdrntha, sattappadiyana lend (v.t.) - <Bi_sJ rQ«fr(J ) kadan-kodu length (n.) - /fsTTib nUam lengthen (v.i.) - /fsyru3/r@ nllamdgu ( - ^« , - ^S) ) lengthen (v.t.) - ^enLnrT3i(Q nllamakku ( - ^« « , -^ffiS)) lengthy (adj.); protracted - ^erTLDtresT nilamana protractedly (adv.) - ^iLuj- nltti leopard (n.)- &gU0sin^ siruttliai less (adj.) - (ganpiu kuraiya, (g)(SS)pei]nen kuraivana lesson (n.) — UfTl—LD pddam let (v.t.); permit — anumathi kodu (- QairQiss, - Qsn®^) letter (communication) (n.) — xi^.^LD kaditham letter (of the alphabet) (n.) - ^(Lp0^ elutthu level (amount) (n.) - ^etreij alavu evenness (n.) - ffLD^erTLD samathalam level (adj.); flat - LDlLl—LDfTesr mattainSna liar (n.) - Qumuiuem poyyan library (n.) - md nilaiyam, ^etiSLD nulagain lie (around) (v.i.); remain - kida (S)i_«ffi, gl/_|sg/) lie (v.); lie down - uQi padu {uQiaa, u&^§!) lie (n.), falsehood - Qurnu poy lie (speak falsely) (v.i.) - Qumjj Gusn- poy pesu ' (- Qua:, - GuSi) life (n.); breath; vowel - £_u5)/r uyir lif e(n.); breath- Qpffa mUcchu life (n.); living; flourishing - - eurTLpAmai vdlkkai "long life!"- suffipa valga lifeless (adj.) - £_iz5)/7 glsbsoff^uyir illatha lift (v.t.), raise; pump — ^pgu erru {^prp, ^p^) 87 lift up(v.t.); weigh - i5/7ffi©thakku light (n.), illumiaation— figsifl oli, eiSeiratgvilakku light (bright) (adj.)- s^EBtunesT oliyana lightning(n.) - uSssrcsrsbminnal like(appreciate) - LSiq-^fgLD pidikkum; iSllfliULbpiriyam don't like - iSis^sisrr^i pidikkathu; piriyamillai like(v.) - effl(§LDLl virumbu {e6l(!iLDU, aSgjiiijI) liking(n.) - viruppam(viruppu) like(similar to); as(if) - Gurreti pola, GurnA) pol like, as; manner- LDFT^lfl mathiri likeness (n.) - e^p^anLD orrumai lime(fruit) (n.) - elumiccham-palam limit (n.); extent; measure - ^erreij alavu limit (n.); boundary - ereoanev ellai limit (v.t.) - exjetnp'UJ g}] vararyaru (aycnfriuffj/ffids, eues)[rtug)j^^) limitation(n.) — euenp'tuemp varaiyarai line(n.); tax - eu/fl vari, evfflans' varisai line(string, rope) (n.) - SuSlgUkayint lion(n.) - &!BJ 3iLD sihgam lip(n.)- a-^(i) uthadu lipservice - Gus'g^errsij pecchalavu liquid(state) (n.) - ^P'LDLD nirmam liquid(adj.) - ^p^LDUJ LDfTesT nirmayamdna list (n.) - ULLlSf.UJSO pattiyal 88 list (v.t.) - pattiyalil pathivusey (- Qs^diiu, - Qffiligi) listen(v.i.); obey; ask- Gffisyrkel (Gffiilffi, Gail®) listener (n.) — GsiLueveir ketbavan literature(Tamil); nature - ^lUfSO iyal literature(gen.) (n.) - ^sUcsS)(uii ilakkiyam Uttle(adj.); small - ffln5)(U siriya, ^eksw sinna alittle(n.); some- Qsn(^ffLD koHjam live(dwell) (v.i.); reside- exi&vasi (sufflaa, oj^^gj) live(v.i.); breathe - a_u5)p" uyir (a_ii51j«ffi, s-iiStt0gi) live(adj.), living - s^u5\(§<S{Teauyirulla live(v.i.); prosper- eunip vdl (ojaifi, ajrr^p^) livelong! - exifTlfia valga living(n.), life - exirryisansi valkkai lizard(garden) (n.) - fi^tsw/TSST ondn wall lizard(gecko) - UeOsSl palli load(n.) - cK-ssiLO sumai load(v.L) - 3i<ss)LDejipgil sumai erru (- VPP. - ^PjS) loan(n.) - cS5L_ssr kadan local (adj.) - @L_(^a^rrpr^^idan jamtha lock (v.t.); shut, close- ^es)L^ adai (^OTLffiffi, ^smi^^gj) lock (v.t.) - ytl(5) puttu ( y L j _, yi l 4-) lock (n.) - lodge(n.) - eSlQi^ viduthi loneUness (n.); soliwde - ^stsflemLD thanimai. lonely (adj.); secluded- ^esfl^^ thanittha 89 long(adj.) - fieiTLOlTasT nilamana longtime- ^eswi—rsfrerr ntnda ml, Qp-mJautsmshrombanal look(v.t); see; try - U/T/T par {unfiax, unj^) look for (v.L); seek - (3^®thedu((50i_, G^if) looklike(v.i.); appear- G^!Tmgu thonru lord(n.), master, boss - ST^LDrresr ejamnn lose(sth.)-(v.t); thrash- Qainmeo tholai lose; beruined; bedonewith - Qas/rsmswtholai lose(v.i.), bedefeated - (S^rrA) thol (G^rrps, Q^upips) lose(v.) - g)Lpila (g)ip««, g)y)^^) loss(inbusiness, etc.) (n.) - g)y)UL/ ilappu lost (adj.) - ^Lpp^ ikmtha loudnoise(n.) — 3=0iSLbsattham loud(adj.) - s=^^(LpeheiT satthamuUa louse(insect) (n.) — Ouesr pen love(n.); affection- ^eivLl anbu love(v.t.) - ^eisTLi QsfT&r anbukol (- Qsnsnerr, - Qairssiirfi)); (5/5^nesi loving(adj.) - ^ekqerrerr anbulla love(romantic) (n.) — StTSSeokathal love(romantic) (v.t.) - srr^eSI katlmli lover (n.) - an^eSl ksthali (t), arr^eoesr kathalan(m.) lovely(adj.) - ^Lfisrrem ahgana low(adj.) - ^rri^^ thalntha, ^fTj^eurrsu thdlvana 90 loyal (adj.) — visuvasamulla loyalty(n.) - eS\aeurT3=LDvisuvasam luck(n.), goodfortune - [SpQugXi narperu luck(chance, accident) (n.) - ^pQa^ujsi) tharcheyal luck(n.); goodfortune— ^^/rE^i—ti) athirshtam luckily(adv.) — athirshtavasamaga lucky(adj.) - athirshtamulla luggage(n.), baggage - ff^rTLDtrm saman M ' machine(n.); engine— (U/s^trti yanthirain mad(stateof beingangry) - QanULDkobam mad(angry) (adj.) - GsrruQpehefr kobamulla, QarruLDrresT kobamana madly(angrily) (adv.) - GstTULDfTs; kobamSga mad(insane) (adj.) — onu^^iu paitthiya madness(insanity) (n.) - emu0^ujlh paitthiyam madperson(n.) — (snu^^ujd<srT[reir paitthiyakkaran(m.), paitthiyakkari (f.) magazine(n.); newspaper — U^^lflsema patthirikkai mail (post) (n.) — ^urreb thabal main(adj.) - thalaimaiyana, mukkiyainana major (adj.) — Quq^LDumsiirresr perumbdldna majority(n.) - perumbanmai 'amajorityof thepeople' - Quq^LDunGecnp perumbaldr 91 make(v.t.); effect; create- make(v.t); do- uememi pamu (ucMTssur, usOTsrafl); sey (Qffiuiu, Gla^iiig]) male(n.), manliness- c^afsr an, LDSufl^ssr manithan malegender (n.) - ^emuneo Snbat man(n.); person- c^sfr al, an, LDSsfi^eisTmanithan manager (n.) - QiDStirTerrpr melalar mango(ripeSuit) - LDlTlhuLpilt mam-palam man(liness) (n.) - ^(5iJ!i7"(snii3) dn(mai) manly(virile) (adj.) - ^smesiLDtLfenetf anmaiyulla manner (n.); way- LOfT^lfl mathiri, eiJLfi vali manner (n.); way; kind; sort; division; portion- eiianssvagal many(adj.) - USDpala many(persons) - USOff palar of manykinds- ueoeSI^LDiTasr palavithamana liowmany?- ST^^smssr etthanai that many; somany; somuch— ^^^anasT atthanai map(n.); pictiue- UL^LDpadam march(military) (v.i.) - ffiL_/5^G)<?su kadanthusel (- Qffajsu, - QffosTgii) mark(n.), sign- @ff5)(«5'(5l)kuri(yldu) mark(v.t.); denote— (gnSkuri ( ( gj SJs s , rsf^^y, (QiiSltiSl(S>kuriyidu market (n.) — <5S!nL_ kadai, ff^em^ santhai, ^liiaifTLSj. angadi 92 marriage(n.), wedding— SiSOiunemLDkalyanam, @(g)u)S5isr/i (thiru)manam marry(get married) (v.i.) - seoiurreswiM Qffiu kalyanamsey (- Qsiuiu, - Qfiugi); 0(75)u)S5WU) Qa=iu (thirujmanamsey mass(n.); lump- dSlli^. katti master (n.); boss; lord- STgU3/rssr ejaman mat (n.) - umu pay match-box(n.) - ^UQULLI^. thi-p-pettl match-stick(n.) - tht-k-kucchl material (n.) — mula-p-porul matter (n.); affair — SfrAtUih kariyam matter (n.); news- Qffiu^l seythi matter (n.); meaning; goods Qutrq^eh porul mature(adj.); old- ues)LpuJ palaiya may(aux. v.); can— (Lpuj.ll]lhmildlyum can't- (tpis^iurr^mudlyathu maybe, perhaps - s^OGsKSinsTr oruvelal, sg(5ffi/TS>J orugdl me(pron.) - srssrsmsisT ennai (ace), OTS3r<B@enakku(dat.) meal (diimer) (n.) - S=[TUUnQl sappadu mean(intend, denote) (v.) - sq^Sil karuthu (a®^, «®@) meaning(n.) — ^fs^Stia arttham meaning(n.); matter; goods- QuiT(§efTporul means(n.); manner- measure(v.t.) - ^etr ala(_^snAa, ^m^gj); ^srrffii5)(5) alavidu (^srra5li_, ^srraSlil®) measure(n.); amount; limit — . ^srrsiy alavu 93 meat ( n . ) ; flesh- ^empffS i r al cchi , <S0I kar i cooked me a t ( n. ) - L DfT L Sffl i i mami sam me c h a n i s m ( n . ) ; structure - ^an L DL l L ] amai ppu me di c i n e ( n. ) — ( - 0( 7 5^^ mar un thu meet ( v . ) - 575^ san thi meet i n g ( n . ) ; cr owd — aS u L - L _ i L kuttam mel t ( v . i . ) — un i gu -L^SI) me l t (v. t. ) - ur ukku (i,@«<s, 2_(g«g)) me mo r y ( n. ) — ( S^fT L l 6; L D n abagam, ^an esr sL l n i n ai vu me mo r i a l ( n. ) - n i n ai vacchi n n am me n t i on ( v . t ) ; speci f y - ( g^ui3( g] kun ppi du me r c h a n t ( n. ) - ei Sl l U fT U fl ffl vi y abar i . me r c y ( n . ) ; pi ty ^rxaaiLD i r akkam me r c i f u l (adj . ) - kar un ai y ul l a a me r e s omet hi ng; a b l ank - Q a / g l / L O ver um me s s a g e ( n. ) - ( dhuthu-c-J chey thi me s s e n g e r ( n. ) - ^^ek dhuthan , me t a l ( n. ) — a_ Gsu/ Ti 5l i > ul ogam me t h o d ( n. ) - ( L pemp( ss) L D) mur ai ( mai ) mi d d a y ( n . ) ; n oon - L o^^i U fT ssT L h matthi y an am mi d d l e ( n . ) ; i nt er v al - ^ S ! n i _ i dai mi d d l e , c e n t e r - /5(5) n adu, /SCJlOsi; rmduve, rS®eSleo naduvil mi d n i g h t ( n. ) - /SsfrsrS/rsv n ai l i r avu. 94 mi l k ( n. ) — un eo pal mi n d ( n . ) ; hear t; w i l l - LoesTii man am, L ci ssr gl man athu mi n e ( wh at bel ongs to me) - er esT ^ en athu, en n udai y athu mi n e ( i n the earth) ( n. ) - apr B J ai M sur ahgam mi n e (to di g f r om t he earth) - sur an gam vettu ( - Qgj L '.i ,, - Qoj L j !) .) mi n e r a l ( n. ) — aesfl QL J n '( f^eh' gan i por ul , seefl L DL D gan i mam mi n g l e ( v . i . ) ; mi x w i t h — ffisl) kal a (ffisu««, ffisu/Eg/) mi n i s t e r ( of govt. ) ( n. ) - - L D^^l fl man thi r i mi n u t e ( n . ) ; momen t - - n i mi sham ( n i mi dam) mi n u t e ( v er y t i n y ) ( adj . ) - iSlsa^fflr^l U mi gacchi r i y a, ^Cj-J L DfT esr n upamdn a mi r a c l e ( n. ) - ^^S^I U I M athi say am, ^ p L j ^ L D ar putham mi r a c u l o u s (adj . ) - ^ p L f ^ w n s s T ar puthamdn a mi r a c l e ( n . ) ; w o n d e r - ^ffffl fl l U l M acchar i y am m i r r o r ( n . ) ; gl as s ( es ) - semsmmq- kan n adi mi s f o r t u n e ( n . ) ; s i n ; al as ! - ur r euL D pdvam M i s s (ti tl e) - (QLDrrfrl kumdr i M r s . - ^q^L D^ thi mmathi mi s s ( on e' s target, etc. ) ( v. t. ) - ^QJg U thavar u ( ^ai p, asaJ?Sl); 0eupeS}( gl thavar avi du ( - t i 5 ) ( _ , - a S J i i g i ) mi s s i n g ( l os t) ( pred. ) - an smuui —tT ^ kdr mppadathu mi s t ( n . ) ; f og; d e w - L / csf l pan i mi s t a k e ( n. ) — sSOJ gu thavar u, ( g p p i i kur r am 95 mi stake (v.) - thavaraga ennu (- ersHTfiOTT, - ersssrsusi?) mi staken (adj.) - ^eUfpnesr thavardna mistakenly (adv.) - eseuprrs thavaraga mi ster (Mr.); holy, divine ^(5 thiru mi x (n.); mi xture- •SsotJ L/ kalappu mix (v.t) - kalavaiyakku i-^ss, -^«©) mixed (adj.) - seVLJUfTetr kalappdna mob (n.) - gi bud) kumbal moderate (adj.) - iB^UKTesT mithamana moderatel y (adv.) - LSl^LDas mithamaga moderati on (n.) - lE^lis mitham composure (n.) - jfl^rran'LD nithanam moderate (adj.) - rSl^irasTLDfresr nithanamdna moderatel y (adv.) — ^^/resTLO/riSS nithdnamdga modem (adj.) - puthumaiydna, iS&3esr navina, tharkdla(tthiya) modest (adj.) - ^L^AsLDtTetsT adakkamana, ^U-SSQfimea adakkamulla modestl y (adv.) - ^L^AmLDrra adakkamaga modesty (n.); humility; unobtrusiveness - ^L^SSlii adakkam modesty (n.); shame — QeuiLsiLb vetkam moment (n.); minute — nimisham (nimidam) Monday (n.) - thingatHlamai money (n.) - uessTLD panam 96 monkey (n.) - (g/Tffi/g kurangu month (n.) - LDrT3=LD {wn^LO) masam (mdtham) moon (n.) - f§leviT nils, /^csuoy nilavu, aTJ ^iJ ^ssr chanlhiran more; still, yet; furthermore — ^sarey/ua innum, etsresrQpLD innamum more (adj.) — ^^SiLDrrssr athigamdna moreover (adv.); beyond - ^ULjpLD appuram beyond (in space) - ^LJLjpLb appuram moreover, besides - CoLogj/tb melum, esTsmiLD innum morni ng (a.m.) (n.) — ^^SirretDeo athikdlai dawn (n.) - vidiyarkalai mosqui to (n.) - fliss/r* kosu mosqui to-net (n.) - Qsirrsi- SI/OTIGU kosu valai most (in number) (adj.) - u5)«L/ Usu miga-p-pala, QweonesT meldna mostly (adv.) - ^^aLorrdj athigamdy, ^Q^SLons anegamaga mother (n.) - ^^LOLDfr amma, ^fTiLl thdy, ^etfretnesr annai mother-i n-l aw (n.) - LDiTLQiurr^ mdmiydr motherl and (n.) - ^mufsrrCSl thdynddu moti on (movement) (n.) - ^es)ffGij asaivu moti on (in a meeting) (n.); resolution - ^ffLDfTesTLD thirmdnam mountai n (n.) - LDSinsu malai, Sllfl girl mourn (v.t.) - L/GOtbL/ pulambu [qeoibu, qeowiSl) 97 mourni ng (n.); bemoaning - LjsDLbueb pulambal mouse (n.); rat- ereSl eli mouse (n.) — 3KiisrQi-.eSI sundeli mouth (n.) - eumu vay move (vX); agitate - ^<ss)a^ asai move (v.i.); be agi tated- asai move (v.i.); dance- move away (v.t.); push- ^<siTi§Q thallu move (push object) (v.t.) - [Ssp'^^ nagartthu aove aside (v.i.) - f5«!T nagar {tB&n, i^avm) move(n.)- J5(—si/t^ffisma nadavadikkai movement (n.); campaign— ^i u«<st i iyakkam much, a lot of, excess - ^^•Xih athigam much - that much, so much - ^djeuerreii awalavu much - this much, this many - ^si /si /srro/ iwalavu much, too much - rSsmpiu niraiya much, a lot - iBseqih migavum very— ij5)<5S miga very much- L8SS mikka mul ti pl y (v.t.); i ncrease- Qu(i^A(Q perukku (G)u(75«ffl, G)u(g f f l f f l ) mul ti pl y (v.i.); i ncrease- Qu(i^(g perugu murder (n.) - Qsirransv kolai murder (v.t) - Qarremei) Qa^iLl kolai sey (- Qffiuio, - Qef i ugi ) murderer (u.) - Qarremeviurrefii kolaiyali. musi c (n.) - S' lilS^l J D sangltham 9 8 must (aux. v.) — QeilsmQtLD vendum mustn't (aux. v.) - 3i J -^rT0 kudathu my - STSsr en, gTsaTSg);gini_m ennudaiya myself (reflex, prou.) - ^nGesr thane, sTswa;(3<s enakke mystery (n.) - vilangS-c-cheythi, LDP'LDLD marmam suspense-packed (adj.) - . LD^LD marma mysteri ous (adj.) - LDP'tDLDfTeu marmanidna mysteri ousl y (adv.) — LD/7LDLD/r« marmamaga N nai l (metal) (n.) - c^CTsfl ani nai l (finger, toe) (n.); claw - /jdSii nagam naked (adj.) - nirvanamana, ^onL^iupp adaiyarra nakedness (n.) — i^ffeurremLD nirvanam name (n.); reputation - Quajp- peyar narrow (adj.) - @(75a!son"G!!r kurugalSna nati on (n.); inhabited land— pfrQi nddu natural (adj.) - ^lueounasr iyalbana, ^ ^iupenxiunresr iyarkaiyana natural l y (adv.) - ^lueourrx iyalbaga, ^l upetnsi ur Ts; iyarkaiydga nature (n.); disposition - ^lUptsina iyarkai nature; quality; condition— ^eiremLD thanmai navy (n.) - suun)ues)L . kapparpadai, Sii_n)UsinL- kadarpadai near (in space) (prep.) - usa^^eo pakkatthil 9 9 near- U-SSLD pakkam near (prep.) - S)i l z_ kim nearly(adv.) - SILLL-0£SL-I— kittatthatta neat (adj.) - ap^LDrresT suuhamana neatly; regularly; efficiently - s^^Lorra smhamaga necessarily(adv.) - SI' I rriULDrTs; kattayamaga, ^eu&iULDirai avasiyamMga necessary(adj.) - siLL^niULDnssr kattayamdna, ^euSiULDfTosr avasiyamana, Q^aneuiurrasT thevaiydna necessity(n:); urgency - siLi—fTiuih kattayam, ^eil&iULCi avasiyam neck (n.) - kalutthu necklace(u.) - kalutthu mdlai, ff!BlS\e5\ necklace(n.); garland- LDiremev mdlai need(n.); necessity - (p^e^si/ thevai need(aux. v.); want - (3aJS55r(5)Lb vendum needful (adj.) - Geuemis^UJ vendiya don't need, don't want - GajsisrL^mh venddm needless(adj.) - avasiyamillatha needle(n.); inoculation— aerSUsi negotiate(v.i.) - oppantham pesu (- Guff, - Guffl) neighbor (n.) — pakkatthu vlttdr, andai vlttdr neighboring(adj.) - uAs^^ pakkatthu neither - -s-ih . . . ^eoeu -um ... alia nerve(n.) - rsryLDLf narambu 100 nest (n.) — a^(j)kadu neutral (adj.) - nadunilaiydna neutrality (n.) - l^Qt^anso nadunilai never (at notime) - oru pothumillai never mind, nomatter - ufrsu/TuSsbsinsu paravayillai nevertheless (adv. &conj.) - ^mn&illh analum new(adj.) - Lf§l puthu, L/^lU puthiya news (n.); subject matter- G)<5F^(dSsrr) seythi(gal) nevfspaper (n.); magazine— u^@/fl<B£!n65 patthirikkai next (intime) — ^®^§1 adutthu next (inspace) - uAsi^^ pakkatthu next ([an] other) - i i WU maru, LOpp marra nice(adj.) — igiULDlTesr nayamdna, arumaiydna nicely(adv.); well - r5SST(gi nangu, ^Q^emLDlUfTs; arumaiyaga night (n.) - ^/ T s i / iravu, ^jjrr^^ifl irdtthiri nine(n. or adj.) - «pS57"Ug/ onbathu ninth(n. or adj.) — onbathavathu, onbathdm (adj. only) nineteen(n. or adj.) - patthonbathu nineteenth(n. or adj.) — patthonbathdvathu, patthonbathdm (adj. only) ninety (n. or adj.) — QarremmirTpi thonnuru 101 ninetieth(n. or adj.) - Qajaememninneiis,! thonnuravathu, QanTsssremrrpiTLD thonnuram(adj. only) no; not - ^sbenso illai noble(adj.) - uyartharamana, perunthanmaiyana nobleness(n.); greatness— S-iU^^rriJa uyartharam, Quq^mw perumai nobly(adv.) - uyartharamdga, Qu(§<SS)LDlU!Td perumaiyaga noise(n.) - a^^^LDsattham noisily(adv.); aloud- a^^^Lorra satthamaga none; nobody(pron.) - onramillathu, omvarumillai noon(n.) — LD^iuih mathiyam, LD^^lurTGHTLO matthiySnam, rgsssrusiiA) nanbagal normal (adj.); usual - Quir^mrT^l^ pothumathiri, 3'fr^trp'assriX!fTssr satharanwnana north(adj.), northern - SUL_ vada thenorth(n.) - sui_«(gvadakku nose(n.); beak - fy)<K(gmiikku nose-ring C-stud) (n.) - ftp«@^Pmukkutthi not (usedattributively) - ^sbsu alia not so?- ^eostneoiurr illaiya note(v.t.) - ^nSlLJLSlQl kurippidu , (-@1_, -gjL.®) nothing(n.) - onrumillai zero(n.) - L^ujti) bUjyam 102 notice(v.t.); takecare- xeiieefl kavani notice(n.) - ^^s&Ul-J arivippu notiiy(v.t.) - ari Q^l^eSI therivi (Q^/flo51«ffl, G)^iflsSI0gi) now(adv.) - ^ijGurr ippo, ^iySuiT§dippdthu, ^iljQurr(Lp^ ippoluthu nowhere(adv.) - engumillai nuisance(n.) — Qssrrscemeii thollai number (n.) - <oT<STSsr en assignnumber(s) (v.) - ffTSMT GlsrrQi enkodu (- QsirQiAa;, - QartQi^gi) number (v.t.); count — eressTfmi emu (eTGMTSHar, ersMrcinifl) o obey(v.i.); calmdown— cg>/l_(E/(gadahgu obey(v.t); listen; ask- Qam kel (Gffiilffi, Gdsiigi) object (v.t.) - ethirppukUru (- i 6i n), - ffiiirS)) objection(n.) - ST^irUL/ ethirppu obligation(n.); duty - sil^anui kadamai obtain(v.t.); reach; approach - (^emt^tu, cgycnf—^^) obtainable(pred.) — S)ES)L_«(g/ikidaikkum not obtainable(pred.) — Slmi—SiStT^ kidaikkdthu not available(pred.) - ®£y)L_iung/ kidaiyathu occasion(n.); tum- ^i_S!nsi/ thadavai occasion(n.); time; religion - ffUiiuih samayam 103 occasionally(adv.) - silasamayangalil occasionally; sometimes- eruGunQe^fT eppotho, eppothdvathu occupy(space) (v.t) - ^L-{BiQsrrerr idangol (-Q«ff«?rstr,-QsneisrQi) occupation; work; industry- Q^fTi^d) tholil ocean(n.); sea- «L.isblaidal of(possessive) - -£_£ni_ttJ -udaiya offer(v.t.) - Qs;nQ\ (Q«n®««,Q«/ 7®^ ^ ) ; ^sifl all (^aSffiar, .^e^^) office(n.) - ^^eueoxiii aluvalagatn officer(n.); official - <=Si/@65ff/fi athikari often(adv.) — ^U^sssuf. adikkadi, UffO(Lpes)n}pdlamurai oU(edible) (n._)- ^tsisiG\<oissriuenney oily(adj.) — isj'sisfQemiLiuums^\Lfeneir enney-p-pasaiyulla old(adj.); mature- uas)LpiUpalaiya, Qfi^iu muthiya oldman(n.) - SlLpeuekkilavan oldwoman(n.) - SlLfieSl kiiavi on(prep.); ontopof; for- Lfigj mithu, QLDSO mil, GtoGsuinele one(adj.); a,an(art.) — 9®oru one(thing) (u.) - e^eirgjj onru one(person) - ^(i^ajp^oruvar (m.f.), s^Oa/saroruvan(m.), 9(Y5^@ orutthi(f.) onion(n.) — QeuiiismuLD vengayam only(one) - s^Sjrore, ^eeflGtUthaniye 104 only(not more) — UiLL(5)Lbmattum only(adv.),foronepurpose— LDfT^^prili matthiram open(v.t.) - ^/prfjfra 0/D««,gjp/^) open(adj.) - ^p^^ thirantha open(start) (v.) - Q^/TL_/E/@thodahgu (Q^m-jiis, Q^iTLjiiS)) openii^(n.); entrance- ajfTuSlA) vayil opinion(n.); idea,thought - s;q^^§l{mrj) karutthu(rai) opponent (n.) — er^lfl ethiri opportunity(n.); chance- eurriuuL] vayppu, ff^^^UULD santharppam opportunity(n.); occasion— ffLDlULb samayam oppose(v.t) - S7^/T ethir (s^!7ffi«, ei^d^gd) opposite,before(inspace) - 6T^/rethir, er^Qir ethire, ej^rjneisr ethirana oppress(v.t.) - cSV(ip<B@ amukku ^ ( L p ^ ^ alutthu (^(^0, «5V(tf^^) or; ifnot — ^ebsu^ allathu or(otherwise) - illSvittal, ^siiiMrre)SIU).(FOillSvidil order(n.); (one's) turn— (Lpema) murai order(command) (v.L) - «LL(_£!nsrru5)(jl kamlaiyidu (-§)'-, -g)L(Si); ^emsmuSlQi Smiyidu order(n.),coimnand- xiLL^anerr kattalai, ^messr anai order(peaceful situation) - ^eiS)LD^ amaithi ordered(adj.); disciplined- ^(S^nlL0^^J/r6W amaithiyana, e^(Lpii/srre!ST oluhgana orderliness(n.) - e^(Lgrki(eF, olungu 105 i n an o r d e r l y m a n n e r ( ad v . ) - e^Q^iii'SrTa; olungdga o r d i n ar y ( adj . ) - satharana( mana) o r d i n ar i n e s s ( n . ) - satharanam o r g an i z at i o n ( n . ) ; i n s t i t u t i o n - ^ODLDULl amai p p u o r g an i z e ( v . t . ) ; e s t ab l i s h - ^(SnLD amai o r i g i n ( n . ) ; r o o t - ^ s u t i mulam o r i g i n al l y ( ad v . ) ; at f i r s t - muthanmuthaldga o r n am e n t ( n . ) — ^sssfi^seveir) ani(galan) o r n am e n t ( v . ) ( w / c l o t h e s , j e w e l s ) - ^emsfl ani ( ^6S3f l «<B, ^esafi ^^) o r n am e n t ( n . ) ; j e w e i r ) ' - flSSJiiS nagai o t h e r ( adv . , p r o n . ) ; o t h e r w i s e - LDipgxi rnarru o t h e r , t h e o t h e r ( p r o n . ) - LDprp tnar r a, Lopn^gJ marrathu o t h e r ; d i f f e r e n t ; w h at ' s m o r e - GeugjJ veru o t h e r w i s e ( c o n j . ) ; o r — ^sosoiTsiSlLLi—rTso illdvittdl, g)susi )/ r6i 5)t 9. sl ) illdvidil o u r ( e x c l u s i v e ) ( ad j . ) - eriajxerr engal, eTl i l Si er ^ei !) L ^UJ engaludaiya o u r ( i n c l u s i v e ) ( ad j . ) - IBLD nam, [Blli(Lpe!nL^uj nammudaiya o u r s ( e x c l u s i v e ) ( p r o n . ) - engaludaiyathu o u r s ( i n c l u s i v e ) ( p r o n . ) - !BL D(l fi as) l —i U^ nammudaiyathii o u r s e l v e s ( e x c l . , r e f l e x , p r o n . ) - rBmsiaQen nShgale o u r s e l v e s ( i n c l . , r e f l e x , p r o n . ) - rSnQlD name o u t , o u t s i d e ( n . ) - Qs L / s r S u L / f f j t i velippuram o u t , o u t s i d e ( ad v . ) — Qeve/HGiu veliye 106 o u t e r ( ad j . ) - Qeue/ rl veil o v e n ( n . ) - ^QiULj aduppu o v e r ( ab o v e ) ( p r e p . ) - Qweo mel o v e r ( ac r o s s ) ( p r e p . ) - (g^sGs; kurukke o v e r ( f i n i s h e d ) — mudi{vdna) o v e r t u r n ( v . i . ) - «f f l 5 ) y ) kavil {m^L p, «a 5 ) y ) i 5 ^) o v e r t u r n ( v . L ) - seSl^ kavil (««i5?y>(K«, . s n 5 ) y ) ^ ^ ) o v e r t u r n ( v . t ) - i _/{rL_(j l purattu {qi TUL ^, L / i r e l ^ . ) b e o v e r t u r n e d ( v . i . ) ; r e v o l v e - Ly f r s f r pural (L/ j rerr, q[ r sm(Si) o w e ( v . i . ) - kadan pattiru (- UL ai ; . ®««, - uil.tii.(s^) o w n ( ad j . ) - Qs=n^^ sontha, Qa^n^^LnnesT sonthamdna o w n ( v . t . ) ; pos s e s s — QuprSl(l$ perriru ( - g ) ( g « « , -^(sm) o x ( n . ) ; o x e n ; c at t l e - S T ( 7 5 ^ eruthu, arrstneiTLDn® kalaimddu, LonQi madu P p ac e ( n . ) ; w al k - / 5(S3)Z _ nadai p ag e ( n . ) ; s i d e ; v i c i n i t y — ueiaiLCi pakkam p a i l ( n . ) ; b u c k e t - eunsB vdli p a i n ( v . i . ) ; ac h e - sueSI vali p a i n ( n . ) ; ac h e - aieSl vali p a i n f u l ( ad j . ) - eueSliunetsT valiydna p ai n l e s s ( ad j . ) — eueSl ^sceon^ vali illdtha p a i r ( n . ) ; c o u p l e - G^mq. jodi p ap e r ( s he e t ) ( n . ) — srT^s^Lb kdgitham 107 parents (n.) - QupQpni r per r Sr park (public garden) (n.) - L j ^l R I Sf T puhgd parrot (n.) - ©srS Hli part ( n. ) ; portion; region - paguthi partly (adv.) - konj amnga take part ( v. i. ) - ui i i ^ Gl sr r ef T pangu kol (- QsashGr f j - QxrTew(^) particle ( n. ) ; droplet — Qmu-Qi sottu party ( political) (n. ) - katchi party (pol. ) ( n. ) ; association - SL psi h kal agam pass ( v. L) ; cross - «L_ kada («i_««, ffii_^^); 6 5 i _/ 5 ^ G)a=sb kadanthu sel (- Q^ciJeu, - Qf f df f i i ^) pass (an exam) ( v. t. ) ; qualify - CS^giy f/ierw ( G^ p , G^jSl) pass ( n. ) ; passage-way - «L- sut ^ kada-val i passenger (n.) - i Sl i j uj nessf l (ui ui cSJ sf f ) pi r ay ani (pay ani ) passionately (adv.) - ^emf f l ui T S asai y aga past (adj.) - a;/ _J5 ^ kadantha, i r antha the past (n.) - kadantha kal am, i r antha kal am path ( n. ) ; way - sut ^ va/i patience (n.) — Qur r guemL D poni mai patient (opp. of impatient) - Qurrg}j ss) L DU j r r su por umai y ana patiently (adv.) - por umai y dga patient (medical) (n. ) - (Srsmuirefh noy al i patronage ( n. ) ; protection - ^^p'ei j dthar avu pay ( n. ) ; salary - s^L DU ei T l Si sambal am 108 pay ( v. t. ) - 3=L Duer T L D QsfrQi sambal am kodu (- (fl)<s/rC51«:«, - Qan@0^) payment (n.) — QiSfrQi^^eo kodutthal peace ( pol. & psych.) (n.) - ^enU D^ amai thl peacef ul (adj.) — ^anL D^l ur r esr amai thi y ana peaf owl, peaco*ck, peahen - L DuSeo may i l peanut (n.) - (/^(a)ffi)«i_S!nsi) (ni l a-k-) kadal ai , (ver -k-) kadal ai peg ( n. ) ; post; sprout, shoot — (xpansTT mul ai people (n.) — msi ai ecT makkal is perceived (pred. ), visible — O ^ /f l i i /i b ther i y um perceived (adj. ), visible - Qfil^^^ ther i ntha not perceived, etc. (pred.) - Q^l f l i U f T ^ ther i y athu unperceived (adj. ), invisible - Q^lfliurr^ ther i y dtha percent — f f ^eS^L D sathavi tham perf ect (adj. ); flawless — (^i ppL opp kur r amar r a perhaps (adv.) - e^(f^(Seijes)err or uvel ai , (^(fg3HTeo or ugal period ( of time) (n.) - xneoL D kal am, ffifraULJu®^ kal appaguthi permi t ( v. t. ) - ^ L/ i/QiSfr© i dahgodu (-Q«(r(51ffiffi, -QanQi ^gS) permission (n. ) - anumathi (anumathi ) perseverence ( n. ) ; attempt — (LpiupSl muy ar chi , vi dd muy ar chi person ( n. ) ; man — c ^ s r r si person ( n. ) ; people - Guir per personal (adj. ), one's o wn - sontha{mdna) picture ( n. ) ; f i l m (cinema) — U L ^L D padam 109 piece ( n. ) ; slice; t o wel - gj emQi thundu Pi g ( _n- ) - (JSJT/75) panri pi g eon ( n. ) , dove - qpfT pura p f f l ( n . ) - (siru] matthirai pi l l a r ( n . ) - ^essr thun pi l l o w ( n. ) - ^emeoi uosi sfl thal ai yani pi t y ( n. ) ; mer cy ; sy mpa t hy - ^IXStSLD irakkam, sq^eoem karunai pi t i f u l (adj . ) - i r akkamudai ya pl a ce ( v. L) ; pu t ; keep — < oS) G l J vai (ensuffi^, anei/^^) pl a ce ( n. ) - ^ L _ i i ) i dam pl a ce ( n. ) ; s t a t i o n - fi l anei i U j L D ni l ai yatn pl a i n ( a dj . ) ; empt y ; mer e - QsK£l/Lb verum pl a n ( a dj . ) ; scheme - ^L-l —LD thittam pl a n ( v. t . ) - ^L L L _ L 8 ( St thittamidu pl a n et ( n. ) - Qsaea kal , Sl fxai ss gi r aham pl a n k ( n) ; boa r d ( wo o d) - uevaDS pal agai pl a n t ( bot a ni ca l ) ( n. ) - Qa = t f sedi pl a n t (a t r ee, et c. ) ( v . t ) ; f i x (a post , etc. ) — ^ ( J l nadu (jBi—, !SL-(5)) pl a t e ( dish) ( n. ) ; t r a y - ^LLQ) tham pl a y ( n. ) ; d r a ma - {BfTiSLb nadagam pl a y ( v. L) - eSl etner r i U fr Qi vi l ai ySdu (oSssterriurTL., cSl estariuiTiii.) pl a y f u l ( a dj . ) ; f u n n y - eSl ssvsatur T L L -i —nssT vi l ai yattdna pl ea se ( v . t ) ; ma ke ha ppy - L DSl er r aSI magi l vi no pl ea si ng ( adj . ) - LSLS^^^LDITSST piditthamana, ^asfl i u i i i i ya pl ea su r e ( n. ) ; happiness - ^esTULD inbam, 3=^G ^rT< Si^LCi santhosham pl en t y ( n. ) - LSI(Q^ miguthi pl e n t i f u l ( a dj . ) - miguthiyana po e m ( n. ) ; ver se; s o n g - UfTi—A) pSdal , Qa^i ui L j er r seyyul po et ( n. ) ; schol a r — L/swsu/r pul avar po et ( n. ) - <S5fflS) kavi, < B a i 5 )(B j/j' kavinar po et r y ( n. ) ; po em - seSl ecii^ kavithai po i n t ( n. ) ; dot , spot — q er r e/ a pul l i po i n t (shar p) ( n. ) — 55)J7 kur po i n t ed ( a dj . ) - si ^Auj kuriya po i n t o u t ( v . t ) , show - ( »L. t i J. «) «/Tt l ( 51 (sutti-k-) kattii {-si ml ^L., -sr nl M f. ) po i s o n ( n. ) - eSl a^LD visham, ^(e^3r nanju po ke ( v . t ) ; ma ke e n t e r - r^emtp nul ai po l i ce ( n. ) - sureneo kaval po l i ce depa r t men t ( n. ) - kaval thurai po l i cema n ( n. ) — SifTexisVff kaval ar, G urreSewsiiTrrir pBl iskarar po l i c y ( n. ) - Offi/rSTTOTcB kol kai po l i t i cs ( n. ) — ^rjS\ujLD arasiyam po l l u t e ( v. t . ) — mdsu-padutthu (-u®^^, - u O^g) po n der ( v . t ) ; t h i n k; consider - erememi ennu n", ffi fflEi rsBafl) p o o r (adj . ) - e^anLpiurresr elaiyana p o o r per so n ( n. ) - e^rantp elai p o o r peopl e ( n. ) - S7S!ny)ioa;<5«r elai-makkal p o p u l a r (adj . ) - LfaLprrasT pugalana p o p u l a t i o n ( n. ) - makkalthogai p o r c h ( n. ) , verandah - eSlpn^emgi viranthai p o r r i d g e ( n. ) - <ss(ff^^ kaiiji p o r t ( n. ) - gles)p(LpSLD thuraimugam p o r t i o n ( n. ) ; s h a r e - ua/(g pafigu p o r t i o n ( n. ) ; di vi si o n; k i nd - eJems vagal p o s i t i o n (place) ( n. ) - ^/ ih idam possess ( v. t . ) - Qsrret kol (Qairsrrsrr, G) «/ r s 5i i r ®) possession(s) ( n. ) ; goods - Qs^rr^^ sotthu, Qa=nM Si L D sontham possi bl e ( aux. v. ) - (Lpuj-iLjib mudiyum no t possi bl e ( aux. v. ) - QfiUj-i Ui r gl mudiyathu possi bl e ( adj . ) - mudiyakkudiya p o s t ( n. ) ; po si t i o n, r ank - u^eSi pathavi p o s t ( ma i l ) ( n. ) - ^urreo thabal p o s t of f i ce ( n. ) - ^UfTO} ^iSeh) thabal ab'is p o s t ma n ( n. ) - StUneosnuasr thabal-karan p o s t (a let t er , e t c . ) ( v. L) - ^urrsoG)uLLLq.u5)A>GurrQ thabal pettiyil pBdu (- C!u(n_, - Guml J Si ) p o s t p o ne ( v . t ) , put o f f - 0er r efH uQur TQi thalli-p-podu (-(5u/n_, -QunCQi) p o t ( any r ounded vessel) - @L_Lb kudam p o t ( met al ) ( n. ) - UfT0^[nh patthiram ( c l ay) p o t ( n. ) ^ urrmssr pdnai ( f l o wer ) p o t ( n. ) - (L^)G)^/T£l4. (pu-t)thotti 112 p o t a t o ( n. ) - urulaikkilangu p o u n d ( v. t . ) ; s ma s h - idi {^Uj -ma, ^ui4gi) p o u n d ( i nt o p o wd er ) ( v. t . ) - QuiTLq-lUfT^S^ podiyakku p o u r ( v. ) ; flow d o w n — seaipgll urru {asnpp, smpigl) p o v e r t y ( n. ) — ejipanm ebnai p o w d e r ( n. ) - Qum^ podi p o w d e r ( po und i nt o ) ( v. t . ) — Qumsj .UJrTsi(^ podiyakku ( -^j aa; , - ^« © ) p o w e r ( n. ) ; a ut ho r i t y - ^^afTlTLb athikaram p o w e r f u l ( adj . ) - UGOLDfTSST balamana p o w e r f u l l y ( adv. ) - ueVLDfTX balamaga p o w e r ( n. ) ; st r engt h - ueoLD balam, exieSlemLD valimai p o w e r ( n. ) ; e n e r g y - shakthi p r a c t i s e ( v . t ) - ULps;(g palakku {uipam, uipaSi) p r a c t i c e ( n. ) ; c ust o m; habi t - uipAaiM palakkam p r a c t i c e ( n. ) ; t r a i ni ng - uu5lp& payirc hi p r a c t i c e ( n. ) ; ha bi t ; g o i ng - Gu/T«@ pokku p r a i s e ( v . t ) ; g l o r i f y - L /«y) pugal iqxifi, qsifi^gi) p r a i s e ( n. ) - Ljsipff^ pugalc c hi p r a y ( v . i . ) ; i mp l o r e - LDesrpaQ^ manradu (w<mrpin-, L cmpr r u) .) p r a y ( v. i . ) - Q^LS jebl Q^uth QsFiu Jebam sey (- Qffihiu, - Qefiugi) p r a y e r ( n. ) - Q^uih jebam p r ec i o u s ( adj . ) ; r ar e - ^®( L b ) aru(m), ^Q^eDLDtLHTesr arumaiyana pr ec i ousness ( n. ) ; r a r e ne s s - ^Q^smLD arumai 113 pregnant (adj.) - <S(i^0^lfl00 karuttharittha becomepregnant (v.i.) - . SQ^0^lfl karutthari sq^sQsrrsrr karukkol {-Qarrarm, -flan-OTsr®) preparation(n.); arrangement- ^purrQl erpadu prepare(v.t.) - (Lpeir<Setsripurr(S) munnerpadu (-^pu/n_, - ^^UfTis^ prepare(malceready) (v.t) — ^lu^^LD uessrsmi ayattham pannu (- UewTCTW, -UCOTTCiafl) present (give) (v.t.) - QairrQt kodu bepresent (v.i.) — ^® Stmei) present (tlietimeuov;') (n.) - j^ai^arreOLD nigalkalam press(for printing) (n.) - ^ffs^aih acchagam press(together)(v.t); squeeze - Q^(§s;(ffi nerukku (Q/5(i5<B<K, (o)^(/5<5S)) pressdown(v.t.) - ^(LpA(Q amukku (^ap««, ^(tpaSl) pressure(n.) - ^(ipAailh amukkam prestige(n.); reputation— Qu(l5«nLD perumai prevent (v.t.) - 0Q\ (65®«a, fi&^gl) rSlgU^^nirutthu price(n.); cost- oSsinsii vilai pride(n.); prestige; etc. - Qud^emLD perumai proud(adj.) - QuQ^anLDiLjerreir perumaiyuUa proudly(adv.) - perumaiyaga priest (X'ian) (n.) - GufT^'X^ pSthagar priest (gen.) (n.) - 3=LDiUfQQ^ samayaguru primeminister (n.) - LSlpr^LO^ pirathamar, pirathama manthiri 114 prison(n.) - ansi^ kaithi, ^ss)p sirai prisonceU(n.) - snas^^enp kaithi arai, ^anps^fflTemeo siraicchalai privacy(n.); secrecy - [T'X&UJLii ragasiyam private(adj.); secret — ria&UJ LDfTesr ragasiyamana privately(adv.); sectetiy - jTS^lULorrs ragasiyamdga private(adj.), personal - ^asfluuLLL^ thanippatta, Qm^fi sontha privately(adv.), individually - ^ssfluUL^ thanippada, Qa^n^^LDrrs sonthamaga privilege(n.); right, claim- &jfle!nLD urimai prize(n.); reward - U/flcK- parisu, Qsiy@LO@ vegumathi probable(adj.) - m^^iumrrssr satthiyamana probably(adv.) - QuqgLDUfT^ih -perumbalum most probably(adv.) - ^GrS'SLDfTS anekamaga problem(n.) — iSlirffa^sinasr piracchanai proclaim(v.t) - aSiffiykiiru {sidp, sijSI) produce(n.); result; gain - ueoeir palan produce(v.t.) — &-pu^^ Qa^iuurpatthi sey (- Qfffutu, - Qffiij^) production(n.); development- S-pu^^ urpatthi professor (n.) - Gurrrr^ifliup- perasiriyar profit (u.); reward; usefulness— L/lL/sJr payan profit (n.); gain- "^sotTULD labam profitable(adj.) - sorrusfTLniTasr labagaramana program(n.); project - @L_L_li thittam project (n.); program- ^CL-LD thittam promise(n.) — eiJfr«(gffj;^ vakkuruthi promise(v.t) — eL/fr«(g«Q«/T(4) vakku-k-kodu 115 propaganda ( n. ) - i 3!}'ffffr [r j 'l h pi r acchar am proper ( adj. ) - a^i fl i ur r esr sar i yana pr oper l y ( adv. ) - fffUl unsi sar i ySga be pr oper ( v. i . ) ; be sui table - Qur TQ^^^ por unthu pr oper ( adj. ) - por unthamdna, ^ S c K thakka, ^ @/ 5 ^ thaguntha pr ope r t y ( n. ) - fflff/r^jS/ sotthu propose ( v. t. ) - " S ^gU kilru («>JD, ai.55)) pr opr i e t y ( n. ) ; respect — sj( y) /5/@ ol uhgu prosper ( v. i . ) ; l i ve - Gi i r r l p vol {sUlTLp, GUtTI^^^) prot ect ( v . t ) ; save - StTUUr r pgi ] kappdr r u (anuunpp, s>r r uui Tpi &y, ^^trai ^efi l athar avu al l ( - ^ n S f f i f f l , - ^eS^gd); ^rjll-Sl i r atchi pr ot e ct i on ( n. ) ; patronage - ^^p^i si j athar avu pr ot ect i on ( n. ) - sr r eueo kaval prot est ( v. L ) ; oppose - ST^pr ethi r (,si^fAs, si ^i ^gi ) pr o u d ( adj . ) - £)u(75ei nLo(i i ysfrsyr) per umai (yul l a) pr oudl y ( adv. ) - per umai yaga pr i de ( n. ) - Qu(!^es)L D per umai pr ove ( v. t. ) — r S\ ^l 3 ni r ubi QLDIUULS meyppi (QuituOiSaa, QLDiuiJ i30gi) pr ov i de ( v. L ) ; gi ve — Qar r Qt kodu (Q«/T(il f f i«, Qar r Qi ^gi ) pr ovi s i on ( n. ) - ^ f f l f l ^ ^ s u al i tthal pub l i c ( adj . ) ; common; usual — Qur T^(eur r esr ) pothu(vana) pub l i cat i on ( n. ) — Qeue/ H uSl Qi ^eo vel i yi duthal , Qaj efi l uSQi vel i yl du 116 pub l i s h ( v. L ) - Qsu«rSu5)(5) vel i yi du ( - §)•- , - g)L- ®) pu l l ( v. L ) ; drag; i nh a l e - pu mp ( water, etc. ) ( v. L ) — ^pn)J er r u {^pp, ^rj j j i l ) pu mp ( n. ) - yanthi r a-k-kul ay puni s h ( v. L ) - ^emi q. dhandi ( a s s i a i r i f f f i f f i , ^eis!tii.0§i); s^tsssTL sa^cw ^<oJ ^ dhandanai al l (- ^5r9ffi«, - ^em^gj ) pi mi s h me nt ( n. ) — ^essrismesr dhandanai pu pi l ( n. ) ; s t ude nt - L DfTessr oj ^ manavar purchase ( v. L ) , b uy - oj nr sJ tQ vangu {ammm, amiiiSi) pur e ( adj . ) — a^^L Di r evr sutthamana pu r i t y ( n. ) ; cleanli ness - Si ^^L D suttham, L ^esfl s^l h puni tham pu r i t y ( n. ) ; whi teness — Qei i essr smL D venmai purpos e ( n. ) - Qr^l TSf^LCi nokkum pur s ue ( v. L ) ; conti nue; take up Qs^r TL -p- thodar (Q^i TL .r r , Q^ni —i ^si ) pur s ue ( v. L ) ; f ol l ow - iSleirQ^m—lj pi nthodar {-Q^tjL^fT, -( o)^ n ' j L_i J 755y) purs ue ( v. L ) ; chas e- ^<J ^§1 dhur atthu pus h ( v. t . ) ; remove - ^srri syj thal l u (0eiieiT, ^ er r s i S ) pu t ( v. t . ) ; t hrow - GurrQi podu ( Gum_, Gu/TL.®) put ( v. L ) ; pl ace; keep - etneu vai {enoj oa, enai 0§i ) pu t down ( v. t. ) - ^/Da;(g i r akku ( g)pf f l«, g) i s«g!) pu t on ( v. t . ) ; we a r - ^essfl ani udutthu 117 Q qualitj' (n.); character; health - (gswUD gunam quality(n.); condition; nature - ^eiranLD thanmai quantity(n.) - ^erreij alavu quarrel (n.); fight- ffswsiDL sandai quarrel (v.); fight- sandaiyidu quarter (1/4) (n.); foot- •sr r eo kal quarter part (n.) - kal pagam queen(n.) - jr/rssirf? rani, ^rrS\ question(v.t); ask - Gffisfr kel ((SaCs, G' «I 1 ® ) ; GserrsSI Gaerr kelvikel (- GmCs, - QmC®) question(n.) - G«6iri5i5)kelvi quick(adj.); soon - Bs;S\!Xlh slkkiram, ffsSlp'LDrrisw sikkiramana, QeusiLDrmsin vegamdna quickly(adv.) - &SiSl[nDrT3i sikkiramaga, QsusLDnsi vegatndga, eSlenrjeunsi I eSlmijeSleCi viraivaga / viraivil quiet (n.)*; peacefulness - ^es)LD^ aimithi quiet (adj.); peaceful — ^e^LD^iurresr amaithiyana quote; expressing(thus) - toTsir en (sTor, ffresr^) R rabbit (n.); hare - ((QL^)(LpujiA} (kuli)muyal race(v.i.); runquickly - 9 (il ddu (^[_, ^i f); Qsuanarress^(5 ) vegamaga odu radicalism(n.); intensity - ^ajprih thivaram railroad(railwaytrack) (n.) - iruppu-p-pathai 118 railwaystation(n.) — irii5)si) fflaneoiuLD rayil nilaiyam rain(n.) - LDe!S)Lp malai rain(v.i.) - LDsmLp Qudj malai pey (- Quiljtu, ~Qutu^) raise(v.L) - S-iUff^^ uyartthu (a-ujff-^, s-m^) raise(v.t.); lift; pump(up) - i ^^gy erru rank(n.); position- U^'sSi pathavi rapid(adj.) - GeusiLDnesT vegamana, eSlasyff^^ viraintha rare(adj.); precious - ^(§{LD) aru(m), ^q^enwiurran' arumaiyana rareness(n.); preciousness - ^q^(SS)LCs arumai rat (n.); mouse- «Ts6)eli rate(n.); price- oSsmso vilai reach(v.t); approach; get- ^S3iL_ adai reach(v.L); reach for- STL.(5 ) ettu («TLa_,ml^-) reach(v.i.); joinwith - QffSl ser (CSffjT, Ga'fi^gi); QufTiLl GffiTpoy ser react (v.t); 'hit back' - ei^^^^U^ ethirtthadi ( f f i ^f f ^i i ^««, ^a00'^fSl) read(v.t); study - Ulsf, padi surrS\ reading(n.) — UUfJJLI padippu ready; readiness(n;) - ^lU^^LD Syattham, ^tunfr thayar real (adj.) — QLDIUU-rresr meyyc s_swi LDiurreisr un.»a!\ana reality (r.,- s-sisrec. ounnuii really(ad\ - S-ismeiS)L lUfTX unma -r^a 119 realke(v.t.); recognize - £_S5iirff unar {suemir, s-emi^gi) reason(n.); cause - snfjemCa kdranam reasonable(adj.) - Hj/nuLDfresr niyayamana rebel (n.) - >KSU65<5<ss/r£rssr kalagakkdran rebel (v.t.) - (ethir-k-)kilarcchi sey receive(v.t.); get- Qu^ peru(Qup, Qupsn) receive(v.t.); buy; get- suff/i/gj vaAgu {euiTiiia, ojiTiiiSi) recent (adj.) - ffLSu^0UJ samibatthiya reception(n.) - surjQeupLf varaverpu recognize(v.t.); realize - s^emir UTiar {sL-smg, a.essrff^gi) record(n.); note - (^i^ULj kurippu record(v.L); note— <S^^Si kuritthu vai (- tsiaiss, - esiai^§i) recording(n.); registration - L/^oy pathivu red(redness) (n.)- ^exiUL) sivappu red(adj.) - ^eu^^ sivantha reform(v.t.)- §0^(3^^slrthirutthu reform(n.); improvement - ^/j-@(/5^S5£ii sirthiruttham refuge(n.) - USeSll ihpugalidam, s=rTsmLC> saranam refugee(n.) — agathi refuse(v.t.); deny - Logumaru regard(n.); respect— LO^ULj rnathippu region(n.); part - U(g@ paguthi region(n.); circle - euiLl—LDvattam register (v.t.) — u^exj Qa=iupathivu sey (- QcFtUlU, - QfflLI^) 120 register (n.) - palhivu-p-pusthagam registration(n.); recording— u^ Q / pathivu regret (v.i.) - tS«L;s!ncuuu(51 kavalaippadu (- u i _ , - u i l g i ) ; varutthamtherivi (- Q^/flofl««,- Q^/S^psi) regular (adj.) - (Lpes)pujrresr muraiyana, ^(Lpiii^xrresr olungana regularity(n.); order- Qpemp murai regularly(adv.); orderly - (^(LflBJsrTS olungaga reject (v.t) - 6!!^ kali {mifl&si, aifi^gi) reject (v.t.); turnaway - U)njy maru [wi^ma, Logu^gl) throwaway(v.t.) - ^OT(e5thallu (fienetT, ^«rst9) relations (relatives) (n.) - .a^ihu^^lh sambantham relationship(n.) - £_/OSi/ uravu release(v.t.); leave; abandon- Sl5?(51 vidu(n5)i_,OSLLIJ)) release(n.) - eSQl^eO viduthal, QSIQXSSIULI viduvippu release(v.t.) - Q 5)(51«5) viduvi (o5)(ileiS««,siS)(J)a5)jl^) religion(n.); opportunity - ff=LDtUlJDsamayam remain(v.i.); wait; be- remain(v.i.); liearound— S)z_ kida (Sli_««,Sti-^gj) remain(v.i.); stay - thahgu {0mis,0miSl) remainder (n.); excess - mithi remember (v.t.); think- {flaneu ninai i^enesrAa, /SfinEW^aa); ninaivu padutthu (- u(Si^, - u(Si0^) 'Doyouremember me?' - Ennai ninaivirukkirathd? remind(v.t.) - rUmemoj^lLQi ninaivuttu (- af l T L L . , -smCvi.) 121 r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; t a k e o f f — ^{fi P&J kal ar r u r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; p i c k up - 6T(J1 edu (srSlaa, n®^^) r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; . d i s m i s s - /fi55@ ni kku (fi ss,$aSi ) r e n o w n ( n . ) ; f a m e - L / f f i Z p pugal r e n o w n e d ( a d j . ) ; f a mo us - L j SL pfr esr pugal dna r e p a i r ( v . t ) - «fl Qffi u sar i sey (- Qffi utu, - Qffi i i gi ); U(i g§l U!Tp- pal uthu-par r e p e a t ( a c t i o n ) ( v . t ) - LD^ULSf. QsPiU mar upadi sey (- Qffi i i tu, - Qffi ugi ); L Sei sr Qi L D LSemQiiii Qa^i i r mi ndum ml ndum sey r e p e a t ( w h a t w a s s a i d ) ( v . ) - L D gi J UL q.i L j i h Qff/ra) mar upadi yum sol (- Qsneoeo, - Qsi r ai sSI ) r e p e a t ; r e p r o d uc e ( f r . m e m o r y ) e^Ul SI oppi (gui Ssd! , ^ULS^) r e p l y ( n . ) ; a n s w e r — U0t<so pathi l r e p l y ( v . ) - U^sb dsn® pathi l kodu (- Qai r Cgi Aa;, - Qmr r Si ^gi ) r e p o r t ( v . t ) - ^g^aSl ar l vi (,^g5)si57<sffi, ^i ^tsS)^^) r e p o r t ( n . ) - ^ffS<SSi D<B ar i kkai , Qffi u^ seythi r e p r e s s ( v . t . ) ; r e s t r a i n - cSyL_«@ adakku ( ^ ( _ «f f i , ^ ( _ « ® ) - r e p r o d u c e ( f r . m e m o r y ) ( v . ) - S^ULSI oppi r e p u t a t i o n ( n . ) ; n a m e - (rSn))Quujpi (nar )peyar r e p u t a t i o n ( n . ) ; p r e s t i g e - Quq^esi L D per umai r e q ue s t ( v . t ) - ( 3«sn- kel (Gxi L s, G^i l gl ) r e q ue s t ( n . ) - Gsmfl sema kor i kkai , (5sijis55r(Ji(3ffin'sir vendukol r e s c ue ( v . t ) — ^ { T L L ^ i r atchi 122 r e s c ue ( n . ) - <^TS\ L .9\ ^^<so i r atchi tthal , ^ j r t l ^ l JL / i r atchi ppu r e s e a r c h ( n . ) ; i n v e s t i g a t i o n — ^CrrrtuffS) Sr Sycchi d o r e s e a r c h ( v . ) - ar aycchi sey (- Qa^i i i i u, - Qa^i ugi ) r e s e m b l e ( v . t . ) - o ( 5««, ef^gl ); epuui T(^ oppagu QufTeO pol i r u (- - Sims') r e s o l ut i o n ( n . ) ; d e c i s i o n - ^^L D r r esr i h thl r mSnam r e s p e c t ( n . ) ; p r o p r i e t y — L D l fl i ur r an^ mar i ydthai r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ( n . ) — • Qur r ^UL i por uppu r e s p o n s i b l e ( a d j . ) - QufTg^i UL j eher r por uppul l a r e s t ( r e l a x a t i o n ) ( n . ) - <^i uei f oyvu r e s t ( r e l a x ) ( v . i . ) - <^dj oy r e s t l e s s ( a d j . ) - (^l ueSi sti i sor T^ oyvi l l atha r e s t a u r a n t ( n . ) - a. sssT 'Si /i SSi i ) unavagam, ffl5?(51^ vi duthi r e s t r a i n ( v . t ) ; c o n t r o l — ^ l _ c B @ adakku (^i_ffi«, ^uASl ) r e s t r a i n t ( n . ) ; o b s t a c l e — ^ S 5) l _ thadai r e s ul t ( n . ) ; e f f e c t — L K oCGST pal an r e s ul t ( n . ) - (LptSj.eil mudi vu r e t i r e ( v . i . ) - e^^r sj ^ othungu r e t i r e ( s o me o n e ) ( v . t ) - (^l usi j Qsn® oyvu kodu (- QanQi Aa, - QmnQi ^gi ) r e t i r e m e n t ( n . ) — oyvu per uthal r e t u r n ( g o b a c k ) ( v . i . ) - ^Ql ^L bq thi r umbu r e t u r n ( c o m e b a c k ) ( v . i ) - ^(§LDL9 sun thi r umbi va (- oj n, - oj ^gi ) 123 return(giveback) (v.t.) - thiruppi-k-kodu (-QsirQims, -QsirQi^gi) revenge(n.) - U L p pali, ULflAf^u Ulfi palikku-p-pali takerevenge(v.t.) - palikku-p-pali vangu (- eui T i i j a, - ojiTiiiS) revolt (v.i.) - qr^C&\ puratchLsey (- flffiuiu, - Qffuj^); <SSD«ti)Qffiu kalagamsey (- Qs^i utu, - Qa^tugi ) revolutionary (adj.) - puratchigaramana revolutionary (person) (n.) - puratchikknran revolve(v.i.); beoverturned - L/JTsfr pural {Ljprar, L/jTsrar®)) reward(n.); profit — Uiueir payan reward(n.) - QKUQLD^ vegumathi, QsiiQUJ ffsir/i vegumanam rice (unhusked) (n.) - Q/5sb nel rice(husked, but uncooked)- ^tfl^ arisi rice (cooked) (n.) - Qs^rT(!^ soru, ffTT^L D satham rich (adj.); wealthy— Q^GOeuQperrefr selvamulla riches (n.); wealth- Qs^eiieuLDselvam rich people(n.) - Qffeoaj^^pr selvanthar rich man(n.) - uessrAxirtxeir panakkaran rich vcoman(n.) — uemssmfl panakkari ride (in. avehicle) (v.) - vaganameri-c-chellu (-Q3:a)eo, -Qffsagu) ride (onanimal or invehicle) — ffOJlTlfl QfflU savarisey (- Qi F I U l U , - flfflLMy) ride (n.) - {FeurrA savari right (n.); claim— a_/fls!nu3 urimai 124 right (adj.); correct- fflfliUfTesT sariyana, GrSCrrrasT nerana. righteous (adj.) - (Srsp'mLDUJrresr nermaiyana righteousness (n.) - Q^fsesiia nermai right (side) (adj.) - eusvLDfrasr valamana, eueo^Lfrp valathupura right (side) (n.) — valathu (pakkam) make right (v.t.) - 3=lfl GlffUJ sari sey (- Glffiiitu, - Qffdj^) ring(v.L); hit - ^isj. adi i^uf.as, 'Ringthebell.' - mani adi I adiyuhgal. ring(on finger, toe) (n.) - GLon^lTLD mothiram rinse(clothes, vessels, etc.) - c5/<5U* alasu {^013:, ^eo^) rinse(v.); wash(not laundry) - tXQpeiJ kaluvu («(y)su,a^yiaS) riot (n.) - xeosLD kalagam riot (v.) - assDffitb uejsremi kalagampannu (- Utoa'fllbaor, - L/swcBufl) rip(v.L); tear off- Sll^ kili (g)f^ffi«, glyS^iH) be ripped (v.i.) - kill (Sttfiiu, Stifi^si) rise (sun, star) (v.i.) - LirpuuQi purappadu (-ui_, -uCQi) rise(sun) (v.i.) - sS\ls^vidi (nS)L^(u, ciSujJB^) rise(frombed) (v.i.) - <oT(Lgelu(sTip, ^(ip^gi) rise(goup, climb) (v.i.) - 6T(y)[iL/ elumbu («i(ynbu, erftgihiSf); GLDCDSU Qffec melesel (- Qfl^co, - Qifrcngy) river (n.) - road(n.); highway QrjrT(S\ ^/roisu salai rob(petty) (v.L) - ^(5(5thiruduO ®!- , g®'^) rob(grandlarceny) (v.L) - Qa/TsyrsinfflTli/Uf. koljaiyadi 125 robber (n.) - @(75£_sJr thirudan, QsfTsfrsmeassrrp'eir kollaikkdran robbery(n.) - ^(yjtlg) thiruttu, QiXrreireinerr kollai rock(n.); gem- a<sc kal largerock(n.); hillock - urremp parai rocky(adj.) - urretnpiun'asr pdraiyana, spurremp karpami rod(n.); bar- thadi roll (v.L); makeroll- S-(§LLQI urum berolledover (v.i.) - L/zrerr pural {qiren, Lftrmr®)_ roof(n.)- (5LO/o«i.S!0/r merkurai room(n.) - ^anp ami largeroom(n.); hall - aSiI—LO kSdam root, origin(n.) — ^eOLJamulam root (of aplant) (n.) — Qeil^ver rope(n.), string- <S(i5)njykayiru rough(adj.) — murattuttlianamana, Q<srr^^eSluurrm konthalippana roughly(adv.) - murattutthanamdga round(adj.) — si/LLL-iO/rssr vattamSna round(around) (prep.) - 3?pn9epiLD surrilum royal (adj.) - Urr^ixiDrrasr rajangamana, ^p'ffpr<S(gif)uj arasarkkuriya royalty(n.); kingdom- c?i//r<S arasu rub(v.L) - ^einz_ thudai Q^lLi they berubbedaway(v.i.) — Q^ij they(Gasiu, Q^ih^gi) rubber (eraser) (n.) - 'prijup'' rappar 126 ruffian(n.) - (Lpp'L-eir muradan ruin(n.); misfortune- Qs;($i kedu,^ifia^ alivu beruined, spoiled(v.i.) — (o)<ss(51kedu (Q«L_, Glail®); QaiLQi QUIT kettupo (- Gurra, - Gumii) ruin(v.L); spoil- (o)65(il kedu beruined(v.i.); belost- Q^fToneo tholai ruin(v.L); kjU;lose- Q^fTsmsutholai beruined(v.i.); perish- ^ifi ali (^ySttj, ^ifi^gi) ruin(v.t.) — ^ifi all i^ifl&a, ^ifi^si') rule(n.); administration— ^L-S) atchi- rule(v.t.); govern^ ^LLffl Qa^iLl atchi sey (- Qffiuiu^- Qffiugj') rule(n.) - S=LLI—IJ>sattam rule(n.); fate- aS)@ vithi run(v.i.) — ^(5>0^"(gi->94-) S sack(n.); bundle- gptlEiDL muttai. sacred(adj.) - L/ssfl^LD/rasr punithamana sacredness(n.); holiness— L/ssfl^LDpunitham sacrifice(n.) - ueS}ball, ^lurraih thiyagam sacrifice(v.) - ueSli&Qi baliyidu (uaS!u5)i_, usfluSlL®); ^lurraih Qffiu thiyagamsey (- Qa^iuiu, - Q&iiig!) sad(adj.)'- ^s;si{ap)LDrTe!ST dhukka(gara)mana - sadness(n.) — ^smiM dhukkam safe(adj.) - u^^P'LDnesi patthiramana safely(adv.) - U^^p-LDtra patthiramana 127 safety(n.); security - u^^rjLB patthiram sail (v.i.) - suusSieoQa^so kappalil sel SL.eSlpLSp'UjrTesnh Qs^iu kadalirpirayammsey (- Qffiiiiu, - Qfftugi) sailor (n.) - LDrr§^LBmalumi, suuQecmLu^ kappaWtti salary(n.) - ffWUeiTLD sambalam sale(n.) - eSlpuemesr virpanai saliva(n.) - ST#^d) ecchil salt (n.) - S>I'lLj uppu same(of onetype) (adj.) - s^(3p' LDfT^ifliurrasr oremathiriyana thesame(anidentity) (n.) - orethanmai sandals(n.) - Qa^q^ULj seruppu sapling(n.) - G)3=Ufl sedi satisfaction(n.)", fulfilment- {Lnesr)riletsipeij (mana)niraivu, ^(TJL/^ thirupthi satisfy(v.t.) - ^(J5Ij^-Qa=IU thirupMsey (- Qffiijiu, - Qsiugi) Saturday(n.) - 3=asfl^SlLps!nLDsanikkilamai save(v.t.); protect- anuunnjgn kapparru {snuunpp, smJunprSI) savories(n.); snacks - LUSoarTlXLapalagaram say(v.); teU - ffTcor en(ffrcsr, crcsrffi/); Qffireosol (Q^rraiea, Qffrra)^) say(v.t); speak - (Su3i pesu (Gus:, GuSf) saying(n.); word; language- Qwrrifi moli proverb(n.) - ULpQlDfTL^ pala-moli saying...; expressing...; quote ^loSrrni enru scene; sight; appearance(n.) — SfTlL^ katchi 128 scheme(n.); plan— ^ILL^LO thittam scholar (n.); poet- Lfsoeu^ pulavar scholarship(expertise) (n.) - LjeoemLD pulamai school (n.) - palli{-k-ku4am) science; fieldof knowledge - ^l^sSliueo ariviyal scissors(n.) - katthiri(kkol} scorn(v.) — Qeygu veru (fflsug/ffi*, Qeuiru^gi) scream(v.i.) — ^eogil alaru {^evp, =3ysuj5)) scream(n.) — ^etipeo alaral sculpture(n.) — S\n)ULD sirpam sea(n.); ocean— SL-tso kadal search(v.t); look for- G^Ql thedu (CS^L, G^^.) seashore(n.); seaside - t95i_j)i5SS5icr kadarkarai season(n.); time, era— dS/rsuti) kalam timeof year (n.) - uqgeuLD paruvam, U(5su«frsULbparuvakalam seasoningspoon(n.) - talippu-k-karandi seat (n.) - ^a=esrLO asanam second(l/60thof aminute) — sSlesini^._ vinadi second(sifter 1st) (n. or adj.) - irandavathu, irandam(adj. only) secret (n.); secrecy, privacy - p'sSltULD ragasiyam secret (adj.) - rra&UJLDlTeiST ragasiyamana secretly(adv.) - !X3;§\ujLDlTSi ragasiyamaga secretary(n.) — Qffiueonenir seyalalar sector (n.); department - ^es>ip thurai 129 security (n.) - srreuiA) kaval, urT§i3i[Tuq pathukappu - see (v.t.); find out- XfTessr kdn (arrsm, mmr(^) see (v.t.); look; try- Unrp' par {uirp-aa, urrir^gi) see (v.i.); understand - Q^ffl then (Q^/fl««, Q^ifl^gi) seed (of plant) (n.) - eSieme^ vithai, eSl^gi vitthu seek (v.t); look for- e s ^ ® thedu (Qist-.G^u).); n5ff(Fl "adu (j5fri_, (jn-ii}.) seem (v.i.) - CS^/reJwj/ thonru (G^narp, G^/rsJrn})) seize (v.L); catch- LSIUJ . pidi t3ij.0gi) select (v.t); choose; elect- G^p-pQ^Q'themthedu ' (-sjglffiffi, -erSi^gi) selection (n.) - Gs^eij thervu self (reflex, pron.) — ^rreir than sell (v.t)- eSleo vil (eSlps, aSpgy) send (v.t) - •^^lllLj anuppu (^SUuu, ^gi/utS) sense (one of the 5 senses) — Ljsoeii pulan (^LOLjevmixdr aimbulangaf) sensation (n.) - a.sssr/T'J S unarcchi perceptible (adj.) - s^emp'S^Sl i Lj eketr unarcchiyulla perceptibly (adv.) - unarcchiyaga sentence (in law) (n.) - ^ffULi thlrppu sentence (pass judgment) (v.) - thirppu-c-chol separate (adj.) - thanimaiyana separately (adv.) - thanitthaniye separate (v.t); divide - i-5)/fl piri 130 be separated (v.i.); depart - tS/fl piri (iSSiii, i3ifl$gi) separation (n.) - tS/flsi/ pirivu separable (adj.) - pirikkakkudiya series (a number of things) - Q^ni—^ thodar sermon (n.) - pirasahgam serve (v.L) - usssfl QfflU pani sey (- Q^iliiu, - Qs^ihgi); Q^iremQi Q<s=iu thondu sey service (n.) - usissfl pani, Q^neisr® thondu set (v.t); place - emeu vai (aneuisa, anoj^gi) settle (v.t); adjust- ^onLD amai become settled (v.i.); suit - ^esiLD amai seven (n. or adj.) - ^•(iP elu seventh (n. or adj.) - ejifirraj^ eiavathu, (^LpfTLD e/am(adj. only) seventeen (n. or adj.) - U^QesT(Lg pathinela seventeenth (n. or adj.) - pathinelavathu, U^GssTLpniJa pathinelam (adj. only) seventy (n. or adj.) - STQ^U^ elubathu seventieth (n. or adj.) — eT(Lpus5rrei j ^ eluhathavathu, elubatham (adj. only) several (on the more side) - USD pala several (on the less side) — ^su sila severe (adj.) — kadumaiyana severity (n,); harshness - sQ\a!)LD kadumai sew (v.t.); stitch- an^ thai 131 sewing macliine ( u . ) - t h a i y a l m a sh i n shake ( v . t ) ; agit at e- ^es) f f a sa i shake ( v. i. ) ; sway - cSyanff a sa i shaking ( n. ) - ^ejna^ay a sa i v u shake ( ou t dust, water, etc. ) - u t h a r u { s . ^ , a^jS) shake ( v. i. ) ; tremble - f B®l i '(§ n a d u n g u shake ( v . t ) ; cause to tremble - ^( 5 ) « @ n a d u k k u shaky ( adj. ) - /5(5)/5/(gS)fl3 n a d u h g u g i r a shame ( u . ) ; modesty - Oeu ilasLD v et k a m shamefu l ( adj. ) - v et k a - k - k ed a n a shape ( n. ) ; image; form - S - (l g eu i l i u n i v a m , (i p r t ^^ m u r t t h i shape ( v . t ) - £_(J5«UfriB(g uruvdkku (-=%««, -^m share ( n. ) ; portion - u i i j (g p a h g u share ( to give a part) ( v. t. ) - urilSlQi p a n g i d u share ( to take a part) ( v . t ) - i_//sj@ Q xr r er T p a h g u k o l (- Q si r m et T , - Qffi/rswSl) sharp ( adj. ) ; pointed - U ^U H T S S T p a t h a m a n a , a ^ / fl iL ) k u r i y a , Si^r r r ssr kumna, Os^einLDiurresr k u r m a i y a n a sharply ( adv. ) ; pointedly - u ^LDfTS p a t h a m a g a , Oa ^m L C i l i m si k i i r m a i y a g a sharpen ( v . t ) - 3i >. [ r i T S (g k u r a k k u ( -^« « , -^«g) ) sharpness ( knife's edge, etc. ) - U ^l h p a t h a m , sh i f f m U D k u r m a i she ( prou . ) - ^eu er r a v a l ( familiar) , ^eu p ' a v a r ( polite) , ^ei i p ^sn a r a v a r g a l (v . - p o l . ) 132 sheep ( n. ) - Q f f L D L D f ^ semmari adu sheep/goat ( n. ) - ^ ® Sdu * shine ( v. i. ) - pirakashi (L 5l £r«/rS«a5, i S I [ r 3i n ^0 ^) ship ( n. ) - m u u eo kappal ship ( v. t. ) - (kappalil) anuppu (- . g l ^Liu, - ^ ^ u i S ) shirt ; blou se ( Eu rop. style) - <s=L_OT)(_ sattai shock ( psychological) ( n. ) - .>=IV@/r#^ athircchi shock ( v. ) - ^( 5) ffi©L _<#QiF(ij thidukkida-c-chey (- Gt a ^i i i i u , - Q i r i u g i ) shoe ( n. ) ; sandals — G)ff(75lJL/ seruppu shoot ( v . t ) - « ( 5 ) iu dw ( »i_, »L. S) ) shop ( n. ) - i B S J n i — kadai shopkeeper ( n. ) - m e!i ) L _ a sn [ r p r k a d a i k k a r a r shore ( n. ) ; border- 6 i a n [ r k a r a i short ( adj. ) ; deficient — ( ggl i S l UJ k u r u g i y a , ^ei n p eu r r a sr k u r a i v a n a short ( in length, height) - ( gtLsjnt-HJfrssr k u t t a i y d n a short en ( v . t ) ; cu t off - (gS iDjE) k u r a i (@6! nj) ««, ( gsmp^^) be shortened ( v. i. ) , cu t o f f - ((ga n f ri u , ©Kn jr/5^) shortness ( n. ) - @6ffsrni) k u l l a m shou ld - Q Q j ei sn 4. U J ^ v en d i y a t h u shou lder ( n. ) ; u pper arm — Q^mst t h o l shou t ( v. i. ) - S i ^f f j k a t t h u ( f f i ^, « ^ ) shou t ( n. ) ; lou d cry - ai^a^a^eo k u cch a l show ( v . t ) ; point ou t - xrnLQi kattu ( as/ rCi-, «(rC^.) 133 show(n.), exhibitiott- sml-S\ shrink(v.i.); wrinkle- ff(5/SJ(g surungu shrink(makesmall) (v.L) - cS<75<E@ sunikku shut (v.t); close - ^emL^ adai {Fn^§l sdtthu ^®mudu sick(adj.) - Q^nliUUlLi— noyppatta sickness(n.); disease - (SjsrTiu nSy side(n.); vicinity; page - uAsLD pakkam sight (n.); appearance; scene - saiL& katchi sign, (n.); mark - (g(jJl(L//-/) kuri(ppu) signify(v.t) - (gjjSluLSQi kurippi4u (-©'-.-@L®) signal (n.) - ^/7$)@ff5) ariguri signature(n.) - es)<s;QiU(Lp^^ kai-y-elutthu silence(n.) - QuoeiresTLD maunam silent (adj.) - GiLDetresrwrresr maunamana silently(adv.) — QiDSTresTLDfTS maunamaga silence(v.L) — ^esiLD^ uQ> amaithipadu (- UL, - UL.®) be(remain) silent (v.i.) - G>LD<snesTLaffir^ maunam sSthi (- s'n^ss, - s^iT^^gi) silk(n.) - uiLQi pattu silk-worm(n.)- ULL(SILJLI,3=& pattu-p-pUcchi silver (metal) (n.) - QsusffsrS velli similar (adj.) - e^Grr LDU^fHtufresr ore mdthiriydna similarify(n.); identity - sg/i)ffj/S!r)LO orrumai 1 3 4 simple(adj.) - CTCTSIUeliya sin(n.); misfortune— un'SUihpavam- sin(v.) - urTsxlLDQffUJ pavam sey (- QsFiuaj, - QffiL/^/) sinful (adj.) - UfTeilLD QfiLS^ pavam seytha sinner (n.) - uireSl pavi since(adv.) — LSISULJ pinbu, LSlssresrpr pinnar, -^(sSlqg^^ -ilirunthu sing(v.t.) - un®padu {uiTi—, u/ru).) singer (n.); musician- urvLsp- padagar single(adj.) - e^pempajfTesT orraiyana sink(vj.); drown - g^ipO mulgu (ftOfpa, ftpipg)) (makesth.) sink(vlL) - yy^ai^. mulgadi sir (n. +vocative); father- ^lUlT aiya sister (gen.) (n.) - SFGsrr^ifl sagothari (younger) sister (n.) - ^liians thangai (elder) sister (n.) - ^ssn- akka sit (down) (v.i.) - S-lL.si!T^ utkar situation(n.); condition— 0es)eti nilai, f^emsomLD nilaimai six(n. or adj.) - r ^fflf dru sixth(n. or adj.) — ^prreu^ aravathu, ^piTLD aram(adj. only) sixteen(n. oradj.) - U^smrrgi] pathinaru sixteenth(n. or adj.) - pathinaravathu, u^esrirpfTLD pathinardm (adj. only) sixty(n. or adj.) - ^gilU^ arubathu 1 3 5 si xti eth (n. or adj.) - arubathavathu, arubatham (adj. onl y) si ze (n.) - uq^Lask paruman skel eton (n.) - sTg)/Lb/_/a;ai.(Jl elumbukkudu ski l l (n. )- ^poDLD thiramai ski l ful (adj .)- '^pemLDluiresT thimmaiyana ski l f i i l l y(adv.)- ^psmLDlUfTS thiramaiyaga ski n (n.);.l ude; l eather- Q^f T i A ) thai ski rt (n.); petti coat- urreuirmL- pdvddai skul l (n.) - rrumdai odu, suirecia Mbdlam sky (n.) - eufTesrih vanam, ^arraJ LO dgdyam sl ap (v.t.); spank- ^emp ami . ^Uf. adi sl ave (n.) - ^L!j.es)LD adimai sl avi sh (adj.) - ^Uj-anLDlurresr adimaiyana sl eep (v.) - ^rsi(g thUngu sl eep (ru) - ^Asih thukkam sl eepy (adj.) - GmihQui^ujrT ejsT somberiyana asl eep (adv.) — ^xaiLana thakkamaga • sl i ce (n.); pi ece; towel - ^emQl thuTidu sl i de (on asurface) (v.i .) - lB(Lp^ naluvu a^^aii^ sarukku sl i de (chi l dren's) (u.) - i5Wl/iE(g sarukku 13.6 sl ow (reduce speed) (v.) - GeusiSJ^anro vegangurai sl ow (adj.) - QLOjs/su/rssr methuvana sl owl y (adv.) — QlD^euns methuvaga smal l (adj.); l i ttl e - fflffUsiru, S]^UJ siriya, ^sirasr sinna smash (v.t.); pound - idi §jU).f i gi ) be smashed (v.i .); col l apse - g)t^ idi iglisj.iu, gju^gi) smash topi eces (v.t.); crush — Q[BlTgU'S(g norukku (Q/5/rgyiS^, Qtstrrpj^Si) be smashed (v.i .), crushed- QrErrg)jl i J (g norungu {Qt^iTt^tiia, QrsagijmiSi) smel l (pl easant/neutral ) (n.) - sufTa=anasT vasanai, LDsmiM manam smel l (v.t) - GLDmj^unjTmonthu par (- unf f A s, - uf T ^^^) smi l e (v.); l augh- fflffl siri (SiHas, ffliil^si) smi l e (n.); l aughter — ^ifluLf sirippu smoke (n.) - L/sma pugai smoke (emi t smoke) (v.i .) - L/sin<5 pugai smoke (aci garette, etc.) (v.) - L^smSLSis^ pugaipidi (-tSn.««, -tSuj-^gi) ' Don' t smoke!' - . pugai pi di kkathe smooth (not rough) (adj.) - iMLpLDLfiuurrssT malamalappdna, snacks (n.); savori es — usosrrrfLD palagdram snake (n.) - umJaLI pambu so (that way) (adv.) - ^LJULq. appadi soci al (adj.) - 3=^x samUga soci ety (i ngen.) (n.) - SF^SiLD samugam 137 society(n.); association - s^lBlsui sangam soft (adj.)- uSq^^eurresr miruthuvdna softness(n.); tenderness - QllBGS[CoS)l£i menmai delicate(not tougli) (adj.) - QuamemLDiumsu menmaiyana soften(v.) - miruthuvakku (-^««,-^«S1) soil (n.); earth; mud- LDSSsr man soil (n.); land- fflsOLb niUon, ^eoeuemh nilavalam sole(adj.); alone- fieefl thani, ^esFltUfTesr thaniyana, ^eisB0iS thanittha solely(adv.) - ^ssfliUfT^? thamydga, ^esBetriLDluiTS thanimaiyaga solid(adj.) - kettiyana solve(v.t.); figureout - QS(i)aa viduvi (oS)®a5)««,sSISteSl^gi) some— ^su sila(adj.), ^so/rsilar (afewpersons), ^su^silathu (afewthings) somebody(pron.) - lunQrtrT ydro someperson,aperson - e^qgeiip' oruvar somehow(adv.) - ffruuijf.ujrrsu^ eppadiydvathu, eruauj-GiurT eppculiyo, eruuujJSius^liJa" eppadiyenum someone(pron.) - (unGprrr ydro, ereyGp'fT evard, ^qgeup' oruvar something(pron.) - ex^nreu^ ethdvathu, er^rreugi ethavathu something,somewhat- ^jQ^rr etho m sometime(or other) - eppothdvathu sometimes,at anytime— eppothdvathu occasionally(adv.) — eruGunQ^rr eppotho, ^soffLDiULDsila samayam somewhat- QsfT(^3=LJD kohjam somewhere(adv.) - ffTiiiGaGiurr ehgeyo, eriBlGafT engo, eriilGa^LD ehgenum somewhere,anywhere- eTiiKSaiufTeu^ engeyavathu son(n.) - LD&aST magan son-in-law(n.) - LD^LDSesT marumagan song(n.); singing- umLQt pdttu song(musical) (n.) - ^eiS)a=LJU!Tl—eo isaippddal song(n.); poem; verse- UfTJ—eo pddal soon(adv.); quickly— S-LJ3esT udane, ^SiSlULh slkkiram sore(n.); wound- Ljsssr pun sorrow(n.>- ^ssiLD dhukkam, SU(T5^^U) varuttham, GsFiTiXlli sogam sorrowful (adj.) — ^sauorresr dhukkamdna sorrowfully(adv.) - §lAaiLDfTSdhukkamdga feel sorry(v.i.); regret - eil(T^^gJ varunthu (su(g^6S, ai(!S^) sorry(adj.) - euq^^^Slp varunthugira sort (n.); kind; class - eues)£s vagal sound(makesound) (v.t.)- spsiS) oli (^^eSlAx, ^sSI0gi); s^siS)«65#Q<9=(U olikkacchey (-Qffijiu, -Qsiugi) sound(n.) - sgs6) oli sour,sourness(n.) — LjetHpuli 139 sour (adj.) - L fs B uL ) pulippu, L fs B uunes T puUppana sout h (adj.), southern - Qes es r then the sout h (n.) - therku sover ei gnt y (n.); rul e - dtchi spac e (pl ace, room) (n.) - @L _ l i ) idam (outer) spac e & sk y (I L) - 6iS!ss5r<o)6ucr5i vinveli, ^•xrnuL D agayam spac e (between thi ngs) (n.) - ^anL ^QojffS idaiveli span k (v.L); s l ap - ^es)p ami (ji / enpi u, ^B n i p ^g j ); ^14. adi {^U) -&ai , ^ u j . ^ ) speak (v.L) - G u » pes u {Qu B ^, GuS) speec h (n.) - GuffS^ pecchu spec i al (adj.) - ^as fluui' I thanippatta spec i al (i mportant) (adj.) - Qp ASl u j mutJ dya spec i fy (v.t.); ment i on — (g,l^ui3® kurippi4u ((g^uiSlu, (s iSluL SCQi) speed (n.); i ntensi ty - (3aj «t b vegam speedy (adj.) - GeuaL Direu vegamana s pen d (ti me, money ) (v.t.) - QffeOQJ L fl sel aval i be spen t (ti me, money ) (v.i .) - Qr S^eoei l L fl sel aval i spi l l (v.t ) - ©iSflj/ si nthu (S^^, gl^) spi r i t (Ufe) (n.) — s ^uSipr ityir, ^0L Drr athma s p U t (v . )- l3e(T pi l a (i Sar ««, L S O I ^ ) spl i t (n.); c r ac k — iSletreij pilavu spoi l (go bad) (v.i .) - Qs L L QiuGuiT kettu-p-po {-(Surrey -GufT i u) spoi l ed (adj.); bad — Q«t l l _ ketta, QxiL QuGufTes r kettuppdna 140 spoon (n.) — s ryeis TL s ^ kararuii spoonful (n.) - s rres s nq. iuerreii karandiyalavu spot (n.); dot; poi nt - L/ 6rre(5) pulli spread (something) (v.L) - aSffl viri (nSrflAs, oSl f f l ^) spread (v.i.); ext end- eSllfl viri (aSr f i i u, n S f f l ^) spread (as darkness, disease) — USXeij paravu {us rai, ujrsi S)) spread (news, disease) (v.t.) - UlXUL j parappu {j j ^u U y ufj ui Sl ) expanse, surface (n.) - UfTUL j parappu spri ng (water) (n.) - spri ng (season) (n.) — vas antham, vas antha kalam spy (n.) - Geueij SilTTTes T vevu-karan, ^ippair orran spy (v . t )- Geue^uafr vevupar ^pfl3ff5? orrari ( r ^i ^i u, -=wjSli5§/ ) s py i n g (n.), espionage — Gsusi yu/ T / r ^^d) vSvupartthal, •^ipprSl^eb orrarithal squeeze (v.t); press - Qrs(l^S(Q nenikku (Qrsd^^, Q/ 5(r5<5S)) s qu i r r el (n.); chipmunk — ^es s B eo anil st ab (v.t); h i t - (S^^ kutthu (. ts f0,(s ^) st amp (postage) (n.) — ^urro} ^anec thabal thalai st amp (n.); seal - (L p^^s mrr mutthirai s t an d (v.i.); stay - rffeo nil (aSlp*, i Sssrju) s t ar (astro.) (n.); constellation / S L L f f ^^f r i i natchatthiram s t ar t (v.i.) ; ri se - ©srrtiiL/ kilambu (©erri i u, Sn r u i i S) st ar t u p (v.i.); incite - Sleirui-l Idlappu (Slwruu, Serrut S) 141 start (vi.); set out - LJpuuQi purappadu startle(v.t.); alarm- thiduklddacchey {-Qffiiiiu, -Qffiiigi) starve(v.i.) - Ulll4.«5f?u5)(V5pattiniyiru state(say, write, publish) (v.) - ^fl$)si5! arivi- (^j5!a5!««,^iS^cSipsi) statement (n.)- ^ff5)«OT«arikkai state(n.); condition- (^lansu nilai, f^emeoesyus nilaimai state(nation) (n.) - ^nQi nSdu station(n.); place- f^«nsuujLbnilaiyam statue(n.) - ^snsusilai-, s_q^enLb univam status(inorganization) (n.) - U0&SI pathavi stay(v.i.); be; wait- stay(v.i.); remain- ^ISJ^thangu{^liim, ^aiSl) stay(v.i.); stop, stand- ^GO nil (jBpa, rSt^jTti) stay(v.L); stop- ninitthu O^W^, ^nj/i#) steal (v.t.) - ^dS®ihirudu 0®t-,p®if) steami (v.t.); boil - ^si5) avi (.=si/a5)««,^eS^gi) besteamed(v.i.), boiled- ^eSI avi {^aSliu, ^eSl^) steam(n.) - ^rrireSl nirSvi steam-engine(n.) - 0p-iTeSj UJ^^p-Lb niravi yanthiram steel (n.)- 6Too@ ehku step(n.); foot; bottom, base- ^i f adi ^ step(v.)- ^1/14. Kno/ adivai (- snsuaa;, - esmj^gi) step(n.)- Ul^padi - 142 stem(adj.) - sQiemLDiurrejsr kadumaiyana sternness(n.); harshness - «(5lSJ)L0kadumai stick(long) (n.) - xiDLf kambu stick(short) (n.) - stick(makeadhereto) (v.t) - l^lL(S\ (gi l i _ , @L 4 . ) still (adv.); yet; more- ^sJrgUiii innun, c ^ssr/rgj/li SnSlum stfll (continuing) (adv.) - ^SlgilLb Sgilum still (quiet) (adj.) - amaithiyana stink(v.i.) - /S/Wl/ naru(ifnp, rsni^') stink(n.); stench— fSfTppLDnarram stir (v.t), disturb - «SU«@kalakku («6Uffi«,'fflSUisS)) get stirred(v.i.), disturbed— <S5«0/E/@kalangu (««Uffi/«,«SU(5/g)) stitch(v.t); sew - • (sina!«ffl,ssi^^g;) stitch(n.); stitching— sai^ttjd) thaiyal stomach(n.) - stone(n.); gem- stony(adj.) - «cbufTsiojDiufrssr kal paraiyana stop(v.i.); stay; stand- ^sb nil stop(v.t); stay- ninitthu store(n.) , shop - «(5ini_kadai storm(n.) - qiueo puyal stormy(adj.) - qiusu(Tssr puyaldna story(n.) - store(n.); hearth— ^S^QlULl aduppu 143 st r ai ght (adj .); honest - GiSP'freu nerana, QtSP^mLDluiTesr nermaiyana str ai ghtness (n.); honesty - QlBpf<snLD nermai str ange (adj.) - anniya(mana) str anger (n.) - ^^rffiup' anniyar, ^lueoireir ayaldn str eet (n.) - Q^QJ theru, Q ? ^ vithi st r engt h (n.); fmnness - S-gi]^ uruthi strong (adj.) - S-^^lU fTSST uruthiyana str ongl y (adv.) — S-gn^lurrsi umthiySga st r engt h (n.) — ueoiis balam str engthen (v. t ) - wsouuQl^gl balappadutthu strong (adj.) - ueOLDfresr bakanana, ueo^iS balattha st r engt h (n.) - SIJSI5)(S3)LD) vali(mai) str ong (adj.) - eueSmLDiurrssr valimaiyana st r i k e (stoppage of wor k ) (n.) - GexJeinet) rflgu^^ih velai niruttham st r i k e (stop wor k ) (v.) - velai niruttham sey (- QfflUlU, - Q3:iUgl) st r i k e (to hi t ) ( v. t ) - ^14. adi st r i ng (n.) - «u5)ffiy kayiru st r i ng (beads, etc.) (v.L ) - Q^rrQi thodu (Q asn-L, Q^iTU).) st r ok e (n.), bl ow - ^14- st r ong (adj.) — ueOLDrrenT balamSna, eueSletDLDU J lTesT valimaiyana st r uct ur e (n.); const r uct i on- ^es)iX)U Lf atnaippu st r uggl e (n.) - Gurrprn' 1 ih pordttam 144 st r uggl e ( v. i . ) - Gufrrrrr® pSradu {QuntfiTt-, Gurrantsj^ st ubbor n (adj .) - murattutthanamana student(s) (n.) - Lorremeyp' manavar (pi .), LDfTemaSl mdriavi(t}, LDfTemeuesr manavan (m.) st udy (v.); l ea r n- •XSO kal {mpa, spgu) st udy (n.); l ear ni ng - seoeSI kalvi st udy (v.); r ea d - U lSj . padi (utfi sffi , uisj .^) st upi d (adj.) - ^L_(u)frssr) nuU iaimdna), LoAsam makkana subi ni t t o; obey; cal m down — adahgu (^t_/5/«, ^LJ5) S) subst i t ut e (n.) - u^eSI pathili subst i t ut e (v. t ) - u ^eor r s emeu pathilaga vai (- smcuAs, - as>aj 0^) subt r act ( v. t ) - Slfi kali («i ^«ffi , «i ^^^) subt r act i on (n.) - SL^^SieO kalitthal success (n.); vi ct or y- Qeuipn^ verri successful (adj .) - Qeu^i^s r i L Dn es T verrigaramana succeed (v.) - Qeupt^QmrTeiT verrikol (-G«/Tsrrar,-Q ffi/resjr®) such (i n that way) (adj .) - athemathiriyana sudden (adj .) - s_j _esns^iU [TesT udanadiyana, ^M. /r thidir suddenl y (adv.) - a_L_Gs5rudane, ^lss.Q[ r ei r Q] thidlrenru suffer i ng (n.); gr i ef - dhukkam, euq^^^LD varuttham, «s ^ l _ i i kashtam suffer (v.i .) - gI ssTU U uQt thunbappadu (-ui_, -UL.®); sd^L-U U ® kashtappadu 145 sugar (n.)- ffffasesifj sarkkarai suit (v.i.); become-settled- ^emLDarrmi suitable(adj.) — lhakka, ^g5(5^thaguntha, Qurrq^^^LDiTesr porutthamana besuitable(v.); beproper - QufTQ^^^ porunthu summer (n.); hot season- CSffin'is3ii_'(«6?/rsutii) kodai(-k-kalam) sun(n.) - (g/fl(U£Jrsurtyan, (e^rruSlgunayiru sunlight(n.); sun'sheat- QeuiSleoveyil, (^fHiU sgsrSsuriyaoli sunny(adj.) - e^e^turresr oliyana sunrise(n.) - (g/flttjesr s-^uj Lb suriyanuthayam simset(n.) - suriyanmaraithal sunshine(n.); sun'sheat— QexiuSo}veyil, @rf)(U i^efHsuriyaoli Sunday(n.) — ndyirru(-k-kilamai) supervise(v.t.) — siessTSineaiA kangani . (3u)pu/r/rs!D«ivuS)(5) merpdrvaiyidu supervision(n.) - GLopUfTp'eimxJ merparvai supervisor (n.) - aemesrressfl l uun-errp) kangdni(ppalar), GiDj purrp'ssyeuujrrerrff merparvaiyalar supply(n.)- ^srS^dj alitthal supply-(v.t); give- ^efh ali (^siSAs, c S /o9^s/) support (v.t) — athari 146 support(n.) - c ^^/ jsy atharavu support(v.); sustain- ^rnsi(^ thdhgu suppose(v.t); count— STSCTrgwi; emu (sTcrarsasT', ereiBrcinfl) suppress(v.t) - =3yL_<s@ adakku ( ^l _ ««, ^L f f l ®) sure(adj.) - nicchayatnana, nicchayamuUa surely(adv.) - ^a^s^iuinrrx nicchayamSgd surprise(n.) — ^^•SFIULD athisayam, ^S^fflfluJ Lb dcchariyam surprising(adj.) - athisayamdna, ^S'fflfltULDfTSsr dcchariyamdna surprisingly(adv.) - dcchariyamSga besurprised(v.i.) - ^^s^uSI athisayi surrender (v.i.) - S'fremiSJ nL^saranadai (- ^s D L t t j , -^ani—^g]) surrender (n.) - sdramuiaithal surround(v.t) - surru («pp, »pj5)) surroundings(n.) - SripgiJ ULIpLh surruppuram survive(v.i.) — ^eiSl^^qg jivitthiru (-g)®««.-g)(2HS^) suspect (v.t.) - aTJCp^S)santhegi santhegappadu (-U£_, -uC®) suspicion(n.); doubt— a75(3^<Btbsanthegam suspicious(adj.); doubtM- santhegamulla, santhegamdna 147 suspi ci ousl y (adv.) - santhegamaga suspend (stop) (v.L) — sustai n (v.L); suppor t- c ^^r f) athar i (•^/ flaa, ^i ^fi Sl ) swal l ow (v.t.) - eSI ( l^lBJ (Q vi l uhgu (o5)(y)ffi/ffi, aS(ip/5/©) be sweet (v.) - ^s s f l i ni (g)orf)««, ^es f i 0 g i ) sweet (adj.) - ^esfluj iniya, ^ssflstnLDiUfTeisr inimatydna sweetness (n.) - ^s s f l s s i L D i ni mai swi m (v.i.) - ni nthu (| ^,/ Sl 5^) swi mmi ng (n.) — / §#(Fsb nl cchal swi tch off (v.t); turn off - ^emessr anai sympathy (n.); mercy, pi ty — ^r r ssi L O i r ak k am system (n.) - " (L pemp mur ai T tabl e (n.); smal l desk — Co(jOSJ i<y mesai taU (n.) - _ SU/ T sl) val tai l or (n._) - thai yal k ar an take c ar e (watch out) (v.L) - par tthu-k -k ol {-Qai Tshar , -Qai r essr Qi ) take (v.L); pi ck up - 6 T ( 5 ) edu (e7(i l««, sjQi ^gj) take (away, along) (v.L) - Q.ssn'em'(^ Gurr k ondu pS (- Qutr m, - Gumi fj take up; conti nue (v.) - G) ^fr( 5 l thodu (Q^m_jr, Q^r r i -i r p^) tal k (v.i .) - Gus? pesu (Gug:, GuSi ) t al k (n . )- Gua=3^ pecchu t aU(adj . )- s ^i u i j L D n ' s i s T uyar amdna, QtBUf-i U nedi ya 1 4 8 tank (man-made l ake) (n.) - (gei T i i k ul am task (n.) - aiL^QDLD k adamai , GeuemeD vel ai taste (n.); f l avor - s^meu suvai , (T j ^ r usi taste (v.) - unff ni si par (- unp-ffi*, - u n u 0 g i ) tasty (adj.) - q^^i L i er r er r msi yul l a tax (n.); l i ne - Sl/ rf? vafi teach (v.L) - sol l i -k -k odu (-£)ffi/r®«ffi, -Qsi T®^si ) teach (v.L) - QmeoeSl ^^r r sol U-t-tha teacher (n.); edi tor; author — ^^i fl i u^ asi r i yar team (n.) — «i L L j _SB!r fl k uttani , ai i L B\ tear (off) (v.L); ri p (up) - Sl i fl k i l l {J Sti fl Bx, Si i fi ^^) be torn (v.i .) — S\ l fl Ul i (g)yS)iu, g)f^/ 5^) tear(s) (eye-water) (n.) - •sessr ess? pr k anni r tearful (adj.) - •sssisrsjjsf/r e& Qi Si p k anni r vi dugi r a tel l (v.); say - Q3=r r eo sol (Qff/raisu, Qs^r r ai eS) temper atur e (n.) - Qeuuu ^efr ei j veppa al avu templ e (shri ne) (n.) — Gai TuSeo k oyi l temporari ness (n.) - ^njsi r eSl si h thar k al i gam tempor ar y (adj.) - thar k al i ga(mana) ten (n. or adj.) - patthu tenth (n. or adj.) - u^^r r eu^ patthdvathu, U^fi mJ a patl ham (adj. onl y) tenderness (i mmaturi ty) (n.) — ^erremLD i l amai 1 4 9 tender (adj.); immature- ^«Tr(uj) ila(m), ^errSluj ilagiya, ^erranLDiurrasT ilamaiydna term(lengthof time) (n.) - Ud^euLB paruvam term(condition) (n.) - fSlu^^emeu nibanthanai territory(region) (n.) - iSlrjG^fflM pi radhesham terror (u.), fright — UUJLD payam, uiUlilsilXLD payangaram terrible(adj.), frightfiii - uiuiiimp'LDiTesr payahgaramana terribly(adv.), MghtftOly- uiuiiiarrLairx payangaramdga terrify(v.L), ftighten - payamurutthu test (n.); academicexam— (30e^ thervu test (v.); examine- sothanaisey (-Q^iijiu, - Q3=tu^) textne(s) (n.) - ^iijeffl javuU than(conj.) — eS]L- vida thank(v.)'- nanri selutthu (-Qs^sil^^' ~C'JS!/:S^) thanks(n.) - /5£5Tj5! nanri thankful (adj.) - [BeirfffuLierTerr nanriyulla thankless(adj.),-ungrateful- ^sw/7$) QXLLI— nanri ketta that (thing) (pron.) - ^§1 athu that Cadj.); those- ^/5^ antha that way, likethat- ^UUiSj. appadi theater (n.) - /5/n_<9sa=/re3)su nataka-salai theft (n.)- ^(0ll(S) tUruttu their (poss. adj.) - avargal (rational), avargaludaiya (rat.), 150 avairrin (irrational), avaigalin (iiraL) • theirs(poss. pron.) - avargaludaijathu (rational), avaiyudaiyathu (irrational) them(pron.) - avargalai (ace, rational), ^- avarrai (acc., irrational) themselves(reflex, pron.) - ^ITQLD thame, ^milSiQefT -thdhgale then(at that time) (adv.) - ^uQurr^ appothu then(after that)- l51/E)@ piragu then(inthat case) - ^uuij-iUfTssrrra} appadiyanal then(after) (adv.) - rg^lllLJipih appuram beyond(inspace) — ^ULJipLD appuram then(adv.) - ^uGurr appo, ^uQurr^ appothu, ^LjQurT(ig§l'appoluthu there(adv.) - ^iBlGa; ahge thereis, itis— ^f^ASlp^ irukkirathu there!, look there! - - ,S>fS^rTatho thereafter (adv.) - ^^ssr tS)p@ athanpiragu therefore- (STessrQsil enave, ^msiUfreo dgaiyal, _ ^emmuSetsTrreo agaiyinal therefore(onthat account) - ^^esmeo athanal, ^•BiQeU agave these(people)- @ay^6565r i vargal these(things) >- ^emeu ivai they, those(people) - ^eup'xet avargal they, those(things) - ^es)aj{sBerr) avai(gaf) 151 theythemselves(refl. pron.); hehimself (polite) - ^fT L D tham thick(adj.) - ^14.0^ thadi ttha thickness(n.) - esipJLi thadi ppu thief (n.)- @(5L_sw thi r udan thin(adj.) - ( ol L DGOeSl l u mel l i y a think(v.L); ponder- grsrorsgi/ ennu (erffMrsinr, ffrswreasfl) think(v.t); consider- •Sg^gl k ar uthu («®^ , «i 5^) think(v.L); remember— iHesyesr ni nai think(of S. O . , sth.) (pred.) - fHanssr^^ ninainthu third(n. or adj.) - munr ay athu, ( tpei r pr r L D munr am (adj. only) thirst (n.) - 0!T aL [ > thagam thirsty- ^r r munT S thagamaga (adv.), fi r r M Qfi eter r thagamuU a (adj.) "I amthirsty" (idiom) - enak k u thagamaga i r uk k i r athu thirteen(n. or adj.) - u^^ipeirgu pathi mU nr u thirteenth(n. or adj.) — pathi mi i nr avathu, U^fipOSTlplTLD pathi munr am (adj. only) thirty(n. or adj.) - ( L puu^ muppathu thirtieth(n. or adj.) — muppathavathu, ( tpuu^fT L D muppatham (adj. only) this(thing) (pron.), it- ^ i thu this(adj.) - ^/5^ i ntha thorn(n.) - (zpsjr mul , ( L per r (§rf mul l u thorough(adj.) - ^fysiSJsrLD[ T <ssi pur anamdna 152 thoroughness(n.) - L j ^p'essr i h pU r anam those(adj.), thaf- antha those(people) (pron.); they - ^euffam avar gal those(things) (pron.); they - cgysnsu avai though(evenif) (conj.) - ^esnr epl l h anStum, er ssfl e^I L D eni num, ^S)@)/Lb agi l um, ^uSl smi L D ay i num though(nevertheless) (adv.) - r ^esT fT evi L D andl um, eT esr nr r eVI L D e n r a l u m thought (n.); intention— STSSsrsBisnJb ennam thought (n.); idea; opinion- s;q^^^ k ar utthu thousand(n. or adj.) - ^uSl tT L D ay i r am thousandth(n. or adj.) — ay i r amavathu thread(n.) - nj/ra)nul threat (n.) - ui U fL pgl l ^eo pay amur utthal threaten(v.L); fiighten- U U J ( L pgi J 0gj pay amur utthu three(n. or adj.) - gpssrgy munr u thrift (n.); economy; brevity - ^ffiaesnii si k k anam thrifty; economical; brief— ffi ssemL DneST si k k anamana thriftily; economically, briefly S\ ai ai esr L Dr T S si k k anamaga throat (n.) - Q^nemes)L ^ thondai through(across) (prep.) - (ajnjyffisina k ur uk k al through(instr. suffix) - - ^ e o -al throughout— ( L pi p^^L b mur r i l um throvr (v.L); hurl; toss - CTTTJ er i (ffrjSliu, ffrjSff^ throw(v.L);put- ( 3ur T ( ^ podu thunder (n.); stroke- 153 thunder (v.); smash- thunderbolt (n.), lightning— iMekticsreominnal Thursday(n.)- eSltUtTLfixSlLpmLD viyalakkiktmai thus(inthat way) — ^UUUj- appadi tie(v.t); bind; fasten - tiger (n.)- LfeSl puli tight (adj.)- ^ ^guSllu irugiya time(n.); season; era— srreoLb kdlam times(number of) (n.) - (LpesW) murai tin(metal sheet) (n.) - ^srrici thagaram tin(theelement) (n.)- TFtULDlyam tire(becometired) (v.i.) — _ ^lu oy (gio, ^lui^) tired(adj.) — sesien^^ kalaittha tiredly(adv.) - ^^uunss aluppaga tiredness(n.) - \ kalaippu^ ^gyuL/ aluppu tissue(living) (n.) - {fdjeif sawu to(prep.), towards— QrsnsSl nSkki, -a_«(g-ukku(suffix) today(n.) - ^asrgu lnru,\ ^s5rsn/o<5(g inmikku toe(n.); finger - oSlrrA) viral toe(n.) - srreo e&rreokal viral together- <SiiL_ kiida, (^SSTprrs onraga tolerable(fairlygood) - s^wrrp'rTai sumaraga tolerance(n.); toleration- sagipputthanmai tolerant (adj.) - sagipputthanmaiyulla 154 tolerate(v.) - <FS) sagi {a^Saa, a^Sl^gi) tolerate(v.t.); endure- QuiTgi] poru {Qurrgiiaa, Qutrgij0gi) tomorrow(n.) - lBfTee)6rr{d(g) nalai(kku) tongue(bodypart) (n.) - fBnrs(g nakku tongue(language) (n.) - QwiTLfl moU too(also) (adv.) - 3ii.L- kuda, 3h.l—Geukadave, GLDO^LD melum too(overly) (adv.) - iSlaisijLb migavion tool (n.); iiistrument ^ ^tq^LD ayiaham tool (n.) - - SiQ^eSl karuvi tooth(n.) - ueo pal toothacbe(n.)- LJeO ojsSl pal vali top(of head, etc.) (n.); zenith iicchi tortoise(n.); turtle- ^£S)iO amai torture(n.)- euesifi vathai torture(v.t); torment — euan^Qa^iLi vathai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugj) toss(v.); throw- STff5? eri {sTigliu, eri^^gi) - total (n.); thewhole- GlLDfT^^LDmottham - touch(v.t.) - Q^rrQi thodu touch(n.) - Q^fTL—Ofqthodarbu towards(adv.) - GrsrraS) ndkki towel (n.); piece- ^s55r(S>thundu town(n.)- i^mriLCi nagaram trade(n.), commerce- . sSliununffLD viyabaram trade(v.) - eBiiiTumxLD QffiJ viyabaramsey (- Qffiijuj, - Qffihgi) 155 tradition (n.); generation- urTlhuemrT parambarai traffic (n.); transport- pokkavamtthu tragic (adj.) - dhukkagaramana train (teacli) (v.L) - payirchikodu (- fl«/T®ffi«, - QaiT®0gi) training (n.); practice - UuSlpSl payirchi traitor (n.) - glGp'rrSl thurogi transport (n.); traffic - pokkuvaratthu transport (v.t.) - erri-c-chel (-Qffwjco, -QffejsTipi) trap (n.) - Quirri^ pari trap (v.t.) - porivaitthu-p-pidi (-ij)if A s , -i3[^0gi) travel (n.), journey — i3[rujrremih {uujsmih) piraydnam (payanam) travel (v.i.), journey - i^rriunsmih Q^iii piraydtiam sey (- Qa^iuiu, - Qs^mgi ) traveler (n.) - LSrriurretssfl (uiusstsfl) piraydni (payani) treachery (n.) — ^QfTrTsnh thwogam treason (n.) - sathi treasure (n) - rS\^ nithi treaty (n.) - ^UU^^LD oppantham tree (n.); wood (substance) - LO/TLD maram trial (n.); investigation- e&mp'sinsm visdranai trial (attempt) (n.) — (Lpiun)^ muyarchi tribe (n.); clan - (gsuii) kulam, ^eSTLD inam 156 t ri p( n. ) - i3rriu[TsmLD {uiuemLD) pirayanam (payanam) troops (n.); army - ues)l— padai trouble (n.); difficulty - Q^mj ^i TSl / thontharavu, sei^i—LD kashtam trouble (v.) - thontharavu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qsajgi) troublesome (adj.) - thontharavdna true (adj.), truthful - s^essretnLDlurresr unmaiyana, GlBP's^LDlLjefrerr nermaiyulla truth (n.); f act - a_ssiirs!r)U! unmai, Q^ffSS)LD nermai truth (n.); certainty - ^ffS^lULD nicchayam trunk (box) (n.) - QuiLuf- petti trunk (of an elephant) (n.) - ^^sens thuthikkai trust (v. t); bel i eve- rsLDLJ nambu QBLDU, iswiSI) try (v. t); see, l o o k- UfTp' par {urrffsai, urr. try hard (v.); strive - (Lpiueo muyal (xyiiueo, QfiiuesTipj) Tuesday (n.) - sewdykMlamai turn (v.i.); return- ^(§LDLl thirumbu (@(5ii)U, gcgiitS) turn (cause to turn) (v.t.) — ^(§ULl thiruppu turn (one's) (n.) - (Lpemp mural turn off (v. t); switch off - ^ s ns s s r anal turtle (n.); tortoi se- ^onLD dmal twelve ( i L or adj.) - us5re5flfrsssr(51 pamnrandu twelfth (n. or adj.) - uekesflp'essri—fTeiJ^ pannirandavathu, ueireisflpremL^n-Lb pannlrandam (adj. only) 157 twenty (n. or adj.) ^ understand(v.i.); know - ^Q3Ugj iritbathu an twentieth(n. or adj.) - Q^lfl theri irubathavathu. understand(pred.) - irubatham(adj. only) LjUllUih puriyam twice - don't understand - (Lpemp iru murai LflfliUfT^ puriyathu 'two(n. or adj.) — unique(adj.); unprecedented- ^rrimQ\ ^Ljfl'euLDrrsa' apUrvamana unite(v.t); join— u 5^(51 kudu (»iL, ShU).) u tmite(v.t.); join - umbrella(n.) — G<3=p' ser (CSsTJ-ffis, Gasj^g/) (gszDL kudai join(v.i.); reach— nnable(aux. V.)- G<9:pr ser (Ga^^r, Qa^gi) (LpUj-lurrgj mudiyathu universe(n.) - nncertain(adj.) - lSl[TU(ffl^ffLD pirapanjam ift'f'S^lULDpp nicchayamarra university(n.) - uncle(n.) - LDiTLDfT _mSma, palkalaikkalagam LDiTLnasT mSman unless (conj.)- under (prep.); underneath - e^lfliu oliya, ^sSirr thavira. SQifi lale ^<siievfT«Sla).&>illsvidil under (subject to) - unravel (v.i.); beseparated - ^is^uSQeo adb/ile t5/fl piri (iSfiliu, LSI%^) 158 unripe(fruit) (adj.) - smui-^esi) kSy(arm) until, asfar as— a/an/T vqrai, evmcruSleb varaiyil, sijes)p'ai(QLD varaikkum untrue(adj.) - QufTluuJlTasT poyyana unwell (pred.) - asaukkiyamana upon, ontopof, above - Gujsbmel, GLDQSO mele upper (adj.) — CPLDGU mel, Qwetirrasr melana upstairs(n.); roof terrace - LDlTLH. modi upstairs(adv.) - Gi£)d)lB/rtij.u5)a) mSlmadiyil upto(adv.) — euesifx varai , urgency(n.); necessity - _,^exis^fILD avasaram urgent (adj.) — avasara(mana) urgently(adv.) — ^eufffjLDrrs avasaramaga us(pron.) (acc.) - €T!BJaes)SfT engalai (excl.), fgLDonLD nammai (incl.) ns(pron.) (daL) - engalukku (excl.), rBLDSi(Qnamakku (incl.) use(n.), usefulness - a-uQiurranh ubayogam use(v.t.) — s^uQiuirSi ubayogi {s^iJSiuiTSlms;, s.jJ3iunS)0gi) useful (adj.) - ubayogamana usefulness (n.) — sJuQlunmin ubayogam,' UlUsisT payan ^ useless (adj.) s^uGiurrsiLDpp ubayogamarra, utussrpp payanarra, S-^GUrr^ uthavatha usual (adj.); common; public - Qufrgj^LDfTBsf) poihu(mana), euLp^aLDtTesT valakkamana 159 usually (adv.) - vicinity (n.); side; page - eutfixmih Gluneo usaL D pak k am val ak k am pol a vicious (adj.) - V QaL ^nesr k edana valley (n.) - vi cti m (sacrificial) (n.) - ueirerr0^rr<s(g pal l auh ak k u us5l bal l . value (n.) - ueSloJ irerr 6a/ rya/ (human) L D^uq math i ppu victorious (adj.) - valuable (adj.) - Qeupi ^u^saen ver r i yul l a LD^ULj L S A S math i ppu mi k k a vi ctory (n.); success - vanguard (n.)— Qojp^ ver r i (L pesr asr ansf l munnani view (n.) - vanguard (n.); futurity - ufTpiemoj par vai . S T ^Grr eth i r e X I T L L S I k atch i vegetable(s) (n.) - view (v.t) - sr nusi ^ k S yk ar i urrp' par (ui r f ss, unu^); vegetarian(ism) [adj. (n.)] - ^r r ei sT k S n {snewr , ssrargi) ang^ei i satva village (n.) - vehicle (n.) - Sip'i T L DL D gi r S mam ei i r r xesT L b vaganam, village (n.); (home)town - ojei snq. vandi si mpr ur very (adv.) - vi ne (n.); flag - L E I S mi ga Qsf T L q. k odi muc h- violence (n.) - uSxeLjLDmi gavum Qsr r Qi emL D k odumai very much - violent (adj.) - L E I 'S S mi k k a. QanT Qi emL DUjf T em ^^S L Dr r esr ath i gamana k odumai yana 160 visible (peed.); perceived - ^ rote (v.) - Q^i ^i qi D theriyum Qj/ ra;®^sH} vak k u al i (- ^e/Uss, - ^eS ^gi ); Q^f [\ i Uf T §} theriyathu sufTsQaQi vak k edu visit f vpay a visit — - (-S T ( S l f f i « , -eT (S l 0gl ) voter (n.) - var ugai th d eur T sanT eu^ vdk k al ar (- - ^S >) voting (n.) - call on a person (v.) - eyr T 3;Qs(S\ L J L i vak k eduppu Qs^eirgi] urr^ vowel (n.) - senr u par (- ui r f f os:, - uni i ^si) uyi r (el utth u) visit (n.)- voyage (by sea) (n.) - .y/ 50^a5sb santh i tth al S L ^pLSlrriurTsssnh visitor (n.)— k adar pi r ayanam €ii([^m<9i UJ f T Gf r p' varugaiyalar vulture (n.) - voice fn.) — 6!(tf)@ k al ugu (^p-GO k ur al w volcano T I L ^ —- wage(s) (n.) - S7/ f)LD£iOiSD er i mal ai f f L nueni S i sambal am vomit fn.^~ daily wage(s) (n.) - 6UnY5^ vdnth i (^«i sr<9s)a^s^ (th i na-k -)k ul i vomit (v.) — wai st (n.); half - ^ancr ar ai vdnthivsdu wai st (n.); hip - ^& L J L i i duppu vote (n.) — wai st (n.); mi ddl e- fflj/ ra© vak k u ^i S 3 i z _ _ i dai 161 wait (v.i.); remain; be— wait (v.i.) - Sin^^(§ kdtthiru (-g)®«5,-g)(5!5^) wait (v.i.); endure— Qunrgjj pom wait for (v.); expect- ST^ff JJ/T/r £//ifr par (- un^^y - unu0§i) waiter (n.) - QLoems^uue'usflujrrerT mesai-p-paniydl walk(v.i.); behave; happen— - /5L_nada (jsi—sm, i^u^) gofor awalk (v.)- nadanthukol (- Qairatm, - SlmirsisrQ!) walk(stroll); pace(n.) - {Bonl— nadai wall (n.) - SKurr s ivar wander (v.i.); moveabout — ^ewso alai (^ansutu, ^«neu/5a;/) wanderings (travels) (n.) — ^es)e»fffeoalaicchal wander (roamabout) (v.) — *^£2/ surru (aprp, ajiji)) want (aux. v.); desire; need - QeiieisrQiLh vendum don't want, don't need- CSaJ655ri_/TU3 vendam want (v.) - siS)(T5ii)L/ virumbu (aSJpsiiu, aSgjiiijl) war (n.); battle - Qunff por warm(heat-wise) (adj.) - GleyuuLDfTssr veppamdna warmth(heat) (n.) — QaJUULD veppam warn (v.t)- -STS^3=l^ecchari warning(rL)- erfftflflxana; eccfmrikkai wash(but notlaundry) (v.t.) - SQ^eij kaluvu wash(laundrybybeating wetonrock) (v.L); thrash - ^SSJOJ thuvai (^Gi)iajm^, a^cmci/^^y) wasp(n.) - @«ra5)kulavi 162 waste(v.t) — siSemuj- viTiadi Don't wastemytime! - enneratthaivinadikkathe wasteful (adj.) - e3tsm!TS6T vinana wastefuUy (adv.) - eSsmrrs vinaga wastefulness (n.); futility - eSsisr vln wastrel (n.) — eSememvlmm watch(n.), clock- (siru) kadigaram wrist-watch(n.) - kai-k-kadigaram watch(v.t); takecare - Xisueisfl kavani («sueifl««,sajasfl^gj) watchfulness (n.) - (SSl / G sr i i ) kavanam watchman(n.) — kavat-karan watchover (v.); takecareof - partthu-k-kol ~_ (-Qarrerrar, -QxrremQi) water (n.) - 0pr nlr, ^emea^p- thannir water pot (n.) - thannir htdam wave(n.); wander (v.) - ^emeo alai wave(v.) — ^em&)Uj[T(g) alaiyadu (-^/_, -^^) wavy(adj.) - " ^£S)so<s^errea alaigalulla way(n,); path- euifl valj way(n.); road- way(manner) (n.); kind- ^ susmas vagal, LDn^fh mathiri weak (adj.) - ^errpr^^ thalamtha, QiaeSI^^melintha, eiiefiienmpvaluvajra 163 weakness ( n. ) - sua^aSl ei r anL D val uvi nmai , (Qmn)unQ\ weal t h ( n. ) , riches; money - Qff&teiiLD selvam, uessr i M panam weal t hy ( adj . ) , rich- sel vami kka, uemL D panam padai ttha weapon; t ool , i nst r u ment - ^i L j ^L D Syutham wear ( v . t ) ; put on — .^sW? ani ( ^ r a s f l i u , ^ s M f l j j ^ ) ; s^Qi ^§! udutthu weat her ( n. ) - arrso i ffemeo kal a ni l ai weav e ( v . ) - (o)(5(U ney {Qpi i i u, Sl r ei ugi ) wed d i ng ( u. ) , mar r i ag e- ^( f^L DessTL h thi r umanam, {neoi ur r assTL D kal yanam Wed nesd ay ( n. ) - Lj^sirSlLpismLD buthangi kmai week ( n. ) - eunr X L D var am weekl y ( adv . ) - var anthor um weep ( v . i . ) , cry - weepi ng ( n. ) - ^( L panm al ugai wei g h ( v . t . ) - / ^f f y ni r u ( j E l i r i i ai m, 0lm]^§!) wei ght ( n. ) - STSSiL edai wel come ( v . t ) ; greet - surjQeiieo var avel wel come ( n. ) - r BSOeur r ei j nal var avu, eVi j Gei J pL j var aver pu wel f ar e ( n. ) ; benef i t — ( 5S0l ii nal am weU ( of wat er) ( n. ) - Slemgil I dnar u wen ( ni cel y) ( adv . ) - / 5sir@ nangu, r Sei r pfTi X nanmga wel l -bei ng ( n. ) ; good heal t h — »d5li sugam 164 west ( ad j . ) ; hi gh; ab o v e- when? - QLDISO mel er uQur r eppo. the west ( n. ) - eruGufT^ eppothu. OLDp( g mer ku eTuQun( L p^ eppol uthu wetness ( n. ) , dampness - wh en ( at t he t i me whi ch) - f F / r t i I r am Qur r Q^^eo pol uthi l wet ( ad j . ) , d amp - whenev er ( ad v . ) ; al ways - F F j X U ^r r ssr i r amana. eruGufT^ih eppSthum rsemm^ss nanai r '-tha where? - get wet ( v . i . ) - ST/i/Oa! enge tSemasr nana! wher e ( place at whi ch) - ( i B s i T s w i u, r senesr ^gi ) make wet (v.t.) - entha i datthi l F efj L nnsi ( g, i r amSkku wher ev er ; ev erywhere; ( -^«f f i, - ^ « S ) ; anywhere — TSetnasT nanai ffT/5y@ii) engum. (/5«n6!(7'<s<s, / 5s s ) 6a r ^ ^ ) ST/S/Gffitt/LO ehgeyum what ? - wh i c h ? - STGSTS^ enna STi j ^ entha what ev er ; any, auyt l d ng - wh i c h one? , whi c h t hi ng? - ST^ ethu, ethu ethuvagi l um whi c hev er - what ' s mo r e - S T^ a / l i ethuvum ^Q^nQi athodu wh i c h d ay? - wheat ( n. ) - STSsrgy enr u (5«/Tj5/£5)LD gothumai whi c hev er d ay ( ev ery day. wheel ( n. ) - f orev er) — {F SSI J L D chakkar am STesrgULO enr um 165 while (conj.) - 6T/ 5^ Qufr( Lp^<A) enthapoluthil a while (a period of time) — . -QufT( Lp^eo -poluthil, . G/ B/ Ttb. neram, Qeuanerr velai white (adj.); whiteness (n.) - QsuefrianOT vellai, Qeuemet oL Di ur r esr - yenmaiyana (adj.) whiteness (n.); purity - QajismetniS! venmai who? - 1U/ 77T yar whoever (pxon.) - lumj . . . -s> / 'n ya r ... -um whole (adj.); entire - QfiQ^ mulu whole Cn.) - 6T d)su/ rii eZ2am the whole (n.); total - QLDIT^^LD mottham whose? - iuaqge<s)l—iu ySmdmya, 6TSU®S5>1_HJ evaruduiya why? - ^ssr en wi de (adj.) - ^se\ iLDlTesT agalamana wi den (v.L ) - ' ^ agalappadutthu {-u( si0, -u ®^g)) wi dth (n.), breadth - ^dSSO tb agalam wi fe (n.) - LDemssreS manaivi wi l d (adj .)- maiL® kattu wi l l (wi sh) (n.) — eSl{!gLlULb viruppam wi l l i ng (ready) (adj.) — viruppamulla, l3lfluJLDrreJsr _piriyamana wi l l i ngl y (adv.) - eSl(§uUL[>rTS viruppamaga wi n (v.L ) - G)sDJ )ff5) Q u nj / verripenr {-Gjup^-Quffjirtf) wi nner (n.) - verriperuvan wi ndow (n.) - gsj r ssr a j jamal 1 6 6 wi pe (v.t); dry (by wi pi ng) - ^es)L- thudai wire (n.) - XSIMLSI kambi. wisdom (n.) - (S^nsSTiSi nanam, eSlGeilSLD vivekam wise (adj.) - Q5)Ga;i5(tpsfr«T r vivekamidla, vivekamudaiya wish (v.); want - OSIQ^LDLJ virumbu wish (n.) — sSlq^ uULD viruppam, eSlqgULl viruppu with (prep.) - <^Ql odu, s^L -S S T udan withdraw (money, etc.) (v.t) - lilsjrsi/ n'ffiy® pinvSngu {-oJ i T i a m, -airrmiSi) withei: (v.i .); dry; heat up - afnu kay within (in space or time) — a_6rr ul, s^ehGerr uUe without (lacking) - ^(ajsurrjs/ illdthu, ^d)su / r^ illdtha, ^soecrTLDiA) illamal witness (n.) - a^fTlL^ sdtchi woman (n.); gi rl - Quem pen wonder (n.); miracle — ^s^fflfliuth dcchariyam wonder (v.) - dcchariyam kol (- Qmr r of r m, - S l a a r essr ®); dcchariyamadai wonderful (adj.) - piramathami ana) wood (substance) (n.) - LDtJ lD maram wool (n.) — a i Ca uef A kambali word (n.); saying; language - QLDITL^ moli 1 6 7 w o r d ( n . ) - eu r r f f ^en ) ^ var tthai , Qf f f T <so sol w o r k , o ccupat i o n ; i n d us t r y - Q^n i f i do thol i l w o r k e r ( n . ) - Q^rTLfistirre/ H thol i l sl i w o r k ( n . ) ; j o b — Geu emei } vel ai w o r k ( v . ) - Gs Ks n s u Q f f i u vel ai sey ( - Q f f i u i u , - Qs^i u gj ) put t o w o r k ( v . ) - CSsuemsi) Qf f i u i u emeu vel ai sey y a vai ( - cnoj - SdS, - esyaj^^) w o r k e r ( n . ) - QeuetnsDAsrrp'p' vel ai k k ar ar ( m. o r f . ) , Qeuemeosxrrp'eir vel ai k k ar an ( m. ) , Qeuemecssmfl vel ai k k dr i ( f . ) w o r l d ( n . ) , ear th — s^eoSLD u l agam w o r l d l y ( ad j . ) - s _s u « u l aga, Qeti er r SsL Df r ew l au l dk aman a w o r m ( n . ) ; ma g g o t - L / ( t p pu l u w o r r i s o me ( ad j . ) - seu emen u ^eaef T k aval ai y u l l a w o r r y ( n . ) ; co n cer n , c a r e - «a ; s ! n s i ) k aval ai w o r r y ( v . i . ) - seu ei n eou u CSl k aval ai ppadu i-uL., -uC(Si) w o r s e - GL Og y z i GLDiTffLDrTesr mel u m mosaman a w o r s t - LBS; GLDfT3=L DI T em mi ga mosaman a w o r s h i p ( v . L ) ; b o w t o - ( ^L hi S}( Sl k u mbi du ( @ U I L 9 I _ , @ U ] I 5 L Q 1 ) w o r s h i p ( v . ) — L ^ s m^ Q f f i U pU j ai sey ( - Qsdj i u ^ - Qs^dj ^) w o r s h i p ( n . ) - .^y j n '^en ei ST ar adhan ai , y s m ^ pu j ai w o i md ( n . ) ; s o r e - L/sssr pu n w o mi d ( i n j ur e ) ( v . t ) - LfemuQ^^^ pu n padu tthu 168 w r e c k ( a ge ) ( n . ) - ^i f l u n Qi al i padu w r e c k ( v . t . ) - ^ q . i di ( g) i , . ««, g ) 4 - ^ ^ ) w r i t e ( v . ) - eT ( L p§l el u thu («T(yi ^, S T O ^ ) w r i t e r ( o f pr o s e) ( n . ) - eT (Lp0^r r ef T f f el u tthal ar w r i t i n g ( n . ) — eT (Lp0^ el u tthu w r o n g ( n . ) ; mi s t ak e - ( gpi pL D k u r r dm, ajajgy thavar u , ^LJ LS^IJ D thappi tham, ^emtM thl mai w r o n g ( ad j . ) ; mi s t a k e n — ^exj u r r esr thavar an a, eSL J l 3^L Ci [T £i sT thappi thaman a w r o n g l y ( ad v . ) ; mi s t a k e n l y - ^ei i r j 'r r s thavar aga, ^uiSl^L Df T S thappi thamaga Y y e a r ( n . ) — «K( ^ aj ( U) ( ei i q^i I 'n ) var u sham ( var u dam) , ^ei sr Ql an du y e U o w ( ad j . [ o r n . ] ) - L C:( ^f f ea 0^ f f 3[ ( i ] ) man j al ( n i r a[mj ) y e s - ^L Df T {L D) ama( m) y es ; f i n e ; c o r r e c t - ffrU sari y e s t e r d a y ( n . ) - Gl Spg^ n er r u y e t ( ad v . ) , s t i l l ; mo r e ; f ur t he r mo r e — ^esi g^L D i n r u m y e t ( t i l l n o w ) - ^^eu emr x i thu var ai y e t ( n ev er t hel es s ) — ^uSl^L D ay i n u m y o u ( n o m) — n f ( s i n g . ) , fg/T n l r , $lBJSerT n l hgal ( pi . ) y o u ( acc. ) - S-ei sT es) ei sT u n n ai ( s i n g. ) , s^l i i semer r u hgal ai ( pi . ) y o u ( d aL ) — S_ssrd5@ u n ak k u ( s i n g. ) , £_f f i / «( s r 5«( g u n gal u k k u ( pi . ) y o u n g ( ad j . ) - g) s !ns r r iu i l ai y a 169 the y oung of some ani mal s - ( g t l i f k ut t i y our (possessi ve) (si ng.) - £_sjr un, a-gargi fS!ni _m ummda i ya y our (possessi ve) (pi .) - s^i si ser r uhga l , aj 5;«(^ei n z_ i u unga l uda i ya y our s (si ngul ar) — s^a sr gj una t hu, unnuda i ya t hu y our s (pl ural ) - uf i ga l uda i ya t hu y our sel f (refl ex, pron.) - 0Guj mye (fami l i ar), ^l i i sGsi T mnga l e (hon.) your sel ves (refl ex, pron.) - 0riJ s(Ser r ni hga l e y out h (n.); i mmaturi ty; tenderness - ^c r r s D L D i l a ma i y out h (young peopl e) (n.) - ^a nei T i ^P' i l a i na r zen i t h (n.); noon - a_.#ffl ucchi zer o (n. or adj.) - L j ^t ui M buj ya m zoo (n.) - mi r uga k k a t chi sa l a i 1 7 0 FOOD Vegetables ban an a (green bananas used for c ook i ng) - Oj f r a nL psi i smu va l a i -k -k a y bean s (butter beans) - a va r a i -k -k a y stri ng bean s - k ot t ha va r a nga y be e t r o o t - ( § C' bi t r ut br i n j al (egg pl ant ) - 6!^^fl <B«/ r i u k a t t hi r i -k -k a y c a b b a ge - (5«/ rsfu gos c a r r o t - 'Gas/ rtl' k er a t c u c u mber - Qsuer r er r f hssmu vel l a r i -k -k Sy dr u ms t i c k — mur unga i -k -k Sy egg pl an t (bri njal )— s^^l ^a a mu k a t t hi r i -k -k a y bi t t er -gour d - ui r sussi l T UJ pa va -k -k a y snak e- gour d - qL^eoiiiesfTlu puda l a nga y g r e e n s - Seinix k i r a i l adi es' fingers (okra) - Qevei sr a nL -^ssmi j ) venda i (-k -k a y) m u s h r o o m - si a emr a sT k sl a n o n i o n - Qoj f SJ SSf T UJ L D vehga ya m peas, green - ua^ma' ui' I .frssafl pa ccha i pa t t a ni pot at o - ur ul a i -k -k i l a hgu sweet pot at o — sa r k k a r a i va l l i -k -k i l a ngu p u m p k i n — upi B t Si a smi J pa r a hgi -k -k a y s p i n ac h (& greens i n gen.) - SsJ D/ r K r a i t omat o - ^<S565/ rnfl t ha k k dl i 1 7 1 F r u i t appl e - ^uiSlefT appil b a n a n a - eurremLpuuLpLD vdlai-p-palam c u s t a r d a p p l e - sitthd-p-paUun d a t e s - periccham-palam figs- ^^^UULpiJ D atthi-p-palam goos eb er r y- QfSsosSlasrriU nelli-k-kay g r a p e s - ^rrmLes)a= thiratchai gu a va - Qsmuiurr goyya j a c k f r i l i t — ueorruuLpih pala-p-palam l emon / l i me - STffl/ iBs^mf elumicchai, elumiccham-palam ma n go — LDf TLbULpLb mam-pal am or a n ge - •^[r(^» aranju l oos ej ac k et or a n ge — SLDsvrr c^O'(gj » k amal a aranju p a p a y a - uuurTsM{uuLpi M) pappdH( -p-pal am) p i n ea p p l e - ^eiresTfT^uuLpih annasi -p-pal am r a i s i n s - css/ riu/ ja; ^[rmLes)3= k ayntha thi ratchai s a p ot a — s^uQumLi ^rr sappotta s weet -l i me — s:f T0^S(gui . satthuk k udi wa t er - mel on — ^/ r ys r u dharbUs, dhar-p-pOsani wood - a p p l e - eSl errrTLhui f i Lh vi l am-pal am 172 C er eal s &Gr ai ns b a r l ey - l ueuLD {l uemsxi ) yavam (yavai ), ajf TpQ3i rT^es)LD vargothumai flour- LDf Tei j mavu gr a i n - s^rrasf l l ULD dhani yam ma i ze (U. S. : c om) - mak k d-c-chdl am mi l l et (i n gen er al ) - ^es)esT thi nai a mi l l et - SLDLI k ambu mi l o - Qmef TLa sdl am r a gi — (3i Sy)Sl / i r @ k el varagu rice (u n h u s k ed ) — Qfgeb nel r i c e (h u s k ed , b u t u n c ook ed ) - ^f f i & ari si rice (par boi l ed ) - pul ungal ari si rice (cook ed) - Gf f f Tf f i ] soru, f f f T^LDsatham rice flour- ^ f f l ^ LDrrsi ^ ari si mavu s emol i n a - I jsmaj ravai w h ea t — Qs;a§i es)LD gothumai r ef i n ed w h ea t flour - ani D^rr mai dha w h ol e w h ea t flour - gothumai mavu L egu mes &Pul ses b en ga l g r a m (s pl i t ) - d51_Si nSU UQ^ULJ k adal ai paruppu b en ga l g r a m flour - a!L_ s!nso u i / TSi / k adal ai mavu b l a c k g r a m (s pl i t ) - ul uttham paruppu gr een g r a m (s pl i t ) — UlU^^LD U(§ULj payattham paruppu s p l i t g r a m (p i geon pea) - thuvaram paruppu 173 Nut s & on Seeds Spi c e s & C o n d i me n t s a l m o n d s - a n i s e - UfT^fTL O U(§UL I Gar nhL j sombu badhSm par uppu a s a f o e t i d a — a r e c c a - n u t - Quq^l i l stTi UL b per uhgayam UfTS!^ pakku c a r d a m o m — c a s h e wn u t - ^i sossi l Ti u el a-k-kay c h i U i - munthi r i -p-par uppu L SI er r mr r i u mi l agay c oc onut - c i n n a mo n - G^l i i mi Tl U thengay ui L emL ^ pattai g r o u n d n u t (peanut) - c l o ve - Sl i r r nhL j ki r Smbu (ver -k-) kadal ai c o r i a n d e r - l i n s e e d - Qxr r ^^L DebsSI kotthamal l i ^e^eSl m^ al i vi i hai c u m i n — mu s t a r d s e e d - ^pr sL D sl r agam <B®(g kadugu c u r r y l e a f — p e a n u t (groundnut) — (G«l//r<55)«LS!nsO kar i veppi l ai (ver -k-) kadal ai f e n u g r e e k — pi s t a c hi o - Qey^^i ui M venthayam l 3<s<M S,!T pi stha g a r l i c - s e s a me ( gi ngel l y ) s e e d - L j ^essr Ql pUndu CTsfrisrj el l u g i n g e r - s unf l o we r s e e d - i nj i n u t me g — si i r i ya-ganthi vi thai SF r r ^sxmu j dthi -k-kSy 174 o r e g a no — i ^L DL D omam p e p p e r - L 3er r (g mi l agu p o p p y s e e d - a3'ag=fT kasakasa t a m a r i n d — L/s r S pul i t u r m e r i c - L D(e^3=er T manj al v i n e g a r - ar r ut- kM i F l e s h . F o wl . & S e a F o o d b e e f - iXiml(i1<S5<Bff5) mattu-k-kar i c h i c k e n — GatTL ^ kol j c r a b - j BsmQl nandu fish- iSeir mm m e a t - cSSffS kar i mu t t o n - ^i l ( i l ««f f 5) attu-k-kar i p o r k - uar r ^ssr ^ panr i -k-kar i p r a wQS — ^pr r eo i r dl Ot h e r F o o d s b r e a d - Qr r mL uf. r otti b u t t e r - Qeuei sr Qessnl j venney bu t t e r mi l k - Qi Dr r i f mor c o f f e e - snui Sl kdppi coffee be a n s — kappi -k-kottai coffee poTvder - smJ i S^^er r kappi -t-thul c r e a m - c ^ ( S j r ) L _ ddai , edu c u r d s - ^uSl ^ thayi r egg ( c hi c k e n) - (L pi L mL ^ muttai g he e ( c l ar i f i ed butter) - Q^tu ney m i l k - ur r eo pdl s u g a r — s^p'sxemp' sar kkar ai s u g a r - c a n e — sq^L DL j kar umbu 175 acc. =accusative(case) adj. =adjective adv. =adverb agric. =agriculture art =article(gram, term) astron. =astronomy bio. =biology boL =botany conj. =conjunction(gram.) dat. =dative(case) esp. =especially excl. =exclusive f. =feminine(gender) fam. =familiar (address) gen. =general hon. =honorific(address) ind. =inclusive instru. =instrumental (case) inteq. =interjection inteir. =inteffogative iff. =iffegular irrat =irrational m. =masculine(gender) ionsUsed n. —noun, nominal obj. =objective(dat. case) opp. =opposite p. =participle p.p. =past participle pi. =plural pol. =polite(or politics) poss. =possessive(case) pred. =predicate pron. =pronoun reflex. =reflexive respect =respectful v. respect =veryrespectful sing.=singular s.o.=someone Spk.Tam.=spokenTamil sth.=something sirf.=suffix temp.=temperature V. =verb v.i. =verbinstransitive v.t =verbtransitive voc. =vocative(case) 176 Documents Similar To Eng Tamil Dict LockwoodSkip carouselcarousel previouscarousel nexttamilTamil EnglishEnglish to tamil translationTamil_LexiconDTEd1-TamilTamil Ilakkanam2Bakiyanathan-JAVA in Tamil தமிழில் ஜாவாTamil IdiomsPDF Tamil Practicecomputermalar-2011-09-26Tamil Technical Computer DictionarySP TamilLearn TamilTAMILKallikaattu Ithikasam Part -03tamilar ariviyalHappy Maths 1- TamilAmbulimama Aug 1948[1]Paico Classics - 2 - Don Quixote (in Tamil) - டான் குவிசாட்Tamil MedicinesSea Wolf - கடல் ஓநாய் - Paico Classics (Tamil)Tamil Short Stories4727427 Spoken English for TamilsC++ in Tamil தமிழில் சி++Tamil Computer Book - Windows XP GuideMore From ooolfjolkunnigrSkip carouselcarousel previouscarousel nextLinga Purana - J.L.shastri - Part 1_textlyrics 70's 80'sAfter Songkran Train 16-04-07Oöol Tantric Mantra BookSatarudraya Table 2 TranslationsFooter MenuBack To TopAboutAbout ScribdPressOur blogJoin our team!Contact UsJoin todayInvite FriendsGiftsLegalTermsPrivacyCopyrightSupportHelp / FAQAccessibilityPurchase helpAdChoicesPublishersSocial MediaCopyright © 2018 Scribd Inc. .Browse Books.Site Directory.Site Language: English中文EspañolالعربيةPortuguês日本語DeutschFrançaisTurkceРусский языкTiếng việtJęzyk polskiBahasa indonesiaSign up to vote on this titleUsefulNot usefulMaster your semester with Scribd & The New York TimesSpecial offer for students: Only $4.99/month.Master your semester with Scribd & The New York TimesRead Free for 30 DaysCancel anytime.Read Free for 30 DaysYou're Reading a Free PreviewDownloadClose DialogAre you sure?This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?CANCELOK